WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

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hi

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hi
 

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hi
i'm<00:00:01.040><c> clint</c><00:00:01.280><c> smith</c><00:00:02.000><c> and</c><00:00:02.159><c> this</c><00:00:02.320><c> is</c><00:00:02.399><c> crash</c><00:00:02.720><c> course</c>

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i'm clint smith and this is crash course
 

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i'm clint smith and this is crash course
black<00:00:03.280><c> american</c><00:00:03.600><c> history</c>

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black american history
 

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black american history
when<00:00:04.960><c> you</c><00:00:05.120><c> think</c><00:00:05.279><c> of</c><00:00:05.440><c> u.s</c><00:00:05.680><c> citizenship</c>

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when you think of u.s citizenship
 

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when you think of u.s citizenship
you<00:00:07.040><c> might</c><00:00:07.279><c> think</c><00:00:07.520><c> of</c>

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you might think of
 

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you might think of
your<00:00:08.320><c> blue</c><00:00:08.559><c> passport</c>

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your blue passport
 

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your blue passport
or<00:00:10.080><c> placing</c><00:00:10.400><c> your</c><00:00:10.559><c> hand</c><00:00:10.800><c> over</c><00:00:11.040><c> your</c><00:00:11.120><c> heart</c><00:00:11.759><c> and</c>

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or placing your hand over your heart and
 

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or placing your hand over your heart and
saying<00:00:12.160><c> the</c><00:00:12.320><c> pledge</c><00:00:12.559><c> of</c><00:00:12.639><c> allegiance</c><00:00:13.519><c> or</c>

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saying the pledge of allegiance or
 

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saying the pledge of allegiance or
waving<00:00:14.080><c> an</c><00:00:14.240><c> american</c><00:00:14.639><c> flag</c><00:00:15.440><c> as</c><00:00:15.599><c> you</c><00:00:15.679><c> watch</c>

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waving an american flag as you watch
 

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waving an american flag as you watch
fireworks<00:00:16.480><c> during</c><00:00:16.640><c> the</c><00:00:16.720><c> 4th</c><00:00:16.960><c> of</c><00:00:17.119><c> july</c><00:00:17.920><c> with</c><00:00:18.160><c> a</c>

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fireworks during the 4th of july with a
 

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fireworks during the 4th of july with a
plate<00:00:18.480><c> full</c><00:00:18.640><c> of</c><00:00:18.720><c> bbq</c>

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plate full of bbq
 

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plate full of bbq
citizenship

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citizenship
 

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citizenship
is<00:00:21.680><c> something</c><00:00:21.920><c> that</c><00:00:22.080><c> matters</c><00:00:22.400><c> to</c><00:00:22.560><c> people</c><00:00:23.359><c> not</c>

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is something that matters to people not
 

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is something that matters to people not
only<00:00:23.840><c> is</c><00:00:23.920><c> citizenship</c><00:00:24.480><c> a</c><00:00:24.560><c> source</c><00:00:24.880><c> of</c><00:00:24.960><c> pride</c>

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only is citizenship a source of pride
 

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only is citizenship a source of pride
for<00:00:25.439><c> many</c><00:00:26.240><c> but</c><00:00:26.480><c> it</c><00:00:26.560><c> has</c><00:00:26.880><c> vast</c><00:00:27.279><c> implications</c>

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for many but it has vast implications
 

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for many but it has vast implications
for<00:00:28.480><c> how</c><00:00:28.720><c> someone</c><00:00:28.960><c> can</c><00:00:29.119><c> live</c><00:00:29.359><c> their</c><00:00:29.519><c> life</c>

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for how someone can live their life
 

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for how someone can live their life
it<00:00:30.560><c> can</c><00:00:30.720><c> determine</c><00:00:31.679><c> where</c><00:00:31.840><c> you</c><00:00:32.000><c> work</c>

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it can determine where you work
 

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it can determine where you work
where<00:00:33.200><c> you</c><00:00:33.280><c> can</c><00:00:33.440><c> travel</c>

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where you can travel
 

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where you can travel
whether<00:00:34.800><c> or</c><00:00:34.960><c> not</c><00:00:35.120><c> you</c><00:00:35.280><c> can</c><00:00:35.440><c> vote</c>

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whether or not you can vote
 

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whether or not you can vote
and<00:00:36.719><c> even</c>

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and even
 

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and even
if<00:00:37.760><c> you'll</c><00:00:37.920><c> be</c><00:00:38.079><c> allowed</c><00:00:38.480><c> to</c><00:00:38.640><c> stay</c><00:00:39.040><c> in</c><00:00:39.120><c> the</c>

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if you'll be allowed to stay in the
 

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if you'll be allowed to stay in the
country<00:00:40.000><c> with</c><00:00:40.160><c> your</c><00:00:40.399><c> family</c><00:00:41.280><c> but</c><00:00:41.440><c> the</c><00:00:41.520><c> very</c>

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country with your family but the very
 

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country with your family but the very
concept<00:00:42.239><c> of</c><00:00:42.320><c> citizenship</c>

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concept of citizenship
 

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concept of citizenship
who<00:00:43.920><c> should</c><00:00:44.079><c> be</c><00:00:44.239><c> a</c><00:00:44.320><c> citizen</c><00:00:44.719><c> of</c><00:00:44.800><c> the</c><00:00:44.960><c> united</c>

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who should be a citizen of the united
 

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who should be a citizen of the united
states<00:00:46.079><c> and</c><00:00:46.239><c> how</c><00:00:46.480><c> people</c><00:00:46.800><c> should</c><00:00:46.960><c> be</c><00:00:47.039><c> allowed</c>

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states and how people should be allowed
 

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states and how people should be allowed
to<00:00:47.440><c> become</c><00:00:47.840><c> one</c>

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to become one
 

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to become one
has<00:00:48.960><c> been</c><00:00:49.440><c> at</c><00:00:49.520><c> the</c><00:00:49.760><c> center</c><00:00:50.559><c> of</c><00:00:50.640><c> u.s</c><00:00:50.960><c> political</c>

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has been at the center of u.s political
 

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has been at the center of u.s political
debates<00:00:52.160><c> for</c><00:00:52.399><c> centuries</c>

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debates for centuries
 

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debates for centuries
it<00:00:53.680><c> was</c><00:00:53.840><c> happening</c><00:00:54.160><c> in</c><00:00:54.239><c> the</c><00:00:54.320><c> 18th</c><00:00:54.719><c> century</c>

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it was happening in the 18th century
 

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it was happening in the 18th century
and<00:00:56.079><c> it's</c><00:00:56.239><c> still</c><00:00:56.480><c> happening</c><00:00:56.879><c> today</c><00:00:57.520><c> today</c><00:00:57.840><c> in</c>

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and it's still happening today today in
 

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and it's still happening today today in
the<00:00:58.000><c> u.s</c>

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the u.s
 

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the u.s
according<00:00:59.199><c> to</c><00:00:59.359><c> the</c><00:00:59.520><c> law</c>

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according to the law
 

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according to the law
if<00:01:00.559><c> you're</c><00:01:00.719><c> born</c><00:01:01.120><c> in</c><00:01:01.199><c> this</c><00:01:01.359><c> country</c>

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if you're born in this country
 

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if you're born in this country
you're<00:01:02.640><c> considered</c><00:01:03.039><c> a</c><00:01:03.120><c> citizen</c>

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you're considered a citizen
 

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you're considered a citizen
shout<00:01:04.559><c> out</c><00:01:04.640><c> to</c><00:01:04.799><c> the</c><00:01:04.879><c> 14th</c><00:01:05.280><c> amendment</c>

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shout out to the 14th amendment
 

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shout out to the 14th amendment
but

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but
 

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but
it<00:01:07.520><c> wasn't</c><00:01:07.840><c> always</c><00:01:08.159><c> this</c><00:01:08.320><c> way</c><00:01:08.960><c> for</c><00:01:09.119><c> black</c>

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it wasn't always this way for black
 

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it wasn't always this way for black
people<00:01:09.600><c> in</c><00:01:09.680><c> the</c><00:01:09.760><c> 19th</c><00:01:10.159><c> century</c><00:01:11.040><c> the</c><00:01:11.280><c> question</c>

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people in the 19th century the question
 

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people in the 19th century the question
of<00:01:11.680><c> whether</c><00:01:12.000><c> they</c><00:01:12.159><c> were</c>

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of whether they were
 

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of whether they were
or<00:01:13.200><c> could</c><00:01:13.360><c> ever</c><00:01:13.600><c> be</c>

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or could ever be
 

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or could ever be
citizens<00:01:14.799><c> of</c><00:01:14.880><c> the</c><00:01:15.040><c> united</c><00:01:15.439><c> states</c><00:01:16.159><c> was</c><00:01:16.320><c> part</c>

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citizens of the united states was part
 

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citizens of the united states was part
of<00:01:16.640><c> a</c><00:01:16.720><c> decade-long</c><00:01:17.360><c> court</c><00:01:17.600><c> battle</c><00:01:18.320><c> that</c>

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of a decade-long court battle that
 

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of a decade-long court battle that
centered<00:01:18.880><c> on</c><00:01:19.040><c> the</c><00:01:19.119><c> circumstances</c><00:01:20.400><c> of</c><00:01:20.560><c> a</c><00:01:20.640><c> black</c>

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centered on the circumstances of a black
 

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centered on the circumstances of a black
man<00:01:21.600><c> named</c><00:01:21.840><c> dred</c><00:01:22.080><c> scott</c><00:01:22.880><c> though</c><00:01:23.119><c> scott's</c><00:01:23.520><c> case</c>

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man named dred scott though scott's case
 

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man named dred scott though scott's case
which<00:01:24.400><c> ultimately</c><00:01:24.880><c> ended</c><00:01:25.119><c> up</c><00:01:25.280><c> in</c><00:01:25.360><c> the</c><00:01:25.439><c> supreme</c>

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which ultimately ended up in the supreme
 

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which ultimately ended up in the supreme
court<00:01:26.080><c> as</c><00:01:26.240><c> scott</c><00:01:26.560><c> v</c><00:01:26.720><c> sanford</c><00:01:27.520><c> was</c><00:01:27.759><c> initially</c>

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court as scott v sanford was initially
 

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court as scott v sanford was initially
about<00:01:28.400><c> whether</c><00:01:28.720><c> one</c><00:01:28.960><c> man</c><00:01:29.200><c> would</c><00:01:29.360><c> be</c><00:01:29.520><c> able</c><00:01:29.680><c> to</c>

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about whether one man would be able to
 

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about whether one man would be able to
live<00:01:30.000><c> his</c><00:01:30.159><c> life</c><00:01:30.479><c> as</c><00:01:30.640><c> free</c><00:01:31.280><c> or</c><00:01:31.439><c> enslaved</c>

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live his life as free or enslaved
 

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live his life as free or enslaved
it<00:01:32.720><c> became</c><00:01:33.040><c> something</c><00:01:33.439><c> much</c><00:01:33.680><c> larger</c>

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it became something much larger
 

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it became something much larger
centered<00:01:34.960><c> on</c><00:01:35.040><c> the</c><00:01:35.119><c> very</c><00:01:35.439><c> prospect</c><00:01:36.400><c> and</c>

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centered on the very prospect and
 

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centered on the very prospect and
possibility<00:01:37.200><c> of</c><00:01:37.360><c> black</c><00:01:37.600><c> citizenship</c>

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possibility of black citizenship
 

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possibility of black citizenship
let's<00:01:39.280><c> check</c><00:01:39.439><c> it</c><00:01:39.600><c> out</c>

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let's check it out
 

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let's check it out
[Music]

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the<00:01:48.960><c> person</c><00:01:49.280><c> at</c><00:01:49.439><c> the</c><00:01:49.520><c> center</c><00:01:49.759><c> of</c><00:01:49.840><c> this</c><00:01:50.000><c> case</c>

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the person at the center of this case
 

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the person at the center of this case
dred<00:01:51.200><c> scott</c><00:01:51.920><c> was</c><00:01:52.079><c> an</c><00:01:52.240><c> enslaved</c><00:01:52.720><c> black</c><00:01:53.040><c> man</c><00:01:53.600><c> who</c>

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dred scott was an enslaved black man who
 

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dred scott was an enslaved black man who
was<00:01:53.840><c> living</c><00:01:54.159><c> in</c><00:01:54.240><c> missouri</c>

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was living in missouri
 

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was living in missouri
historians<00:01:55.920><c> estimate</c><00:01:56.640><c> that</c><00:01:56.880><c> he</c><00:01:56.960><c> was</c><00:01:57.119><c> born</c>

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historians estimate that he was born
 

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historians estimate that he was born
into<00:01:57.600><c> slavery</c><00:01:58.399><c> around</c><00:01:58.640><c> the</c><00:01:58.799><c> start</c><00:01:59.040><c> of</c><00:01:59.119><c> the</c>

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into slavery around the start of the
 

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into slavery around the start of the
19th<00:01:59.680><c> century</c><00:02:00.479><c> in</c><00:02:00.640><c> southampton</c><00:02:01.280><c> county</c>

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19th century in southampton county
 

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19th century in southampton county
virginia<00:02:02.399><c> and</c><00:02:02.560><c> his</c><00:02:02.719><c> enslaver</c><00:02:03.759><c> was</c><00:02:04.000><c> a</c><00:02:04.079><c> man</c>

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virginia and his enslaver was a man
 

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virginia and his enslaver was a man
named<00:02:04.560><c> peterblo</c>

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named peterblo
 

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named peterblo
scott<00:02:06.240><c> was</c><00:02:06.320><c> eventually</c><00:02:06.799><c> purchased</c><00:02:07.200><c> by</c><00:02:07.360><c> an</c>

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scott was eventually purchased by an
 

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scott was eventually purchased by an
army<00:02:07.759><c> surgeon</c><00:02:08.560><c> named</c><00:02:08.800><c> john</c><00:02:09.119><c> emerson</c><00:02:10.000><c> who</c>

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army surgeon named john emerson who
 

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army surgeon named john emerson who
moved<00:02:10.479><c> scott</c><00:02:11.120><c> from</c><00:02:11.280><c> the</c><00:02:11.440><c> enslaved</c><00:02:11.840><c> state</c><00:02:12.000><c> of</c>

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moved scott from the enslaved state of
 

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moved scott from the enslaved state of
missouri<00:02:12.879><c> to</c><00:02:13.040><c> the</c><00:02:13.120><c> free</c><00:02:13.360><c> state</c><00:02:13.520><c> of</c><00:02:13.599><c> illinois</c>

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missouri to the free state of illinois
 

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missouri to the free state of illinois
and<00:02:14.879><c> then</c><00:02:15.120><c> again</c><00:02:15.760><c> to</c><00:02:15.920><c> the</c><00:02:16.000><c> free</c><00:02:16.239><c> territory</c><00:02:16.720><c> of</c>

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and then again to the free territory of
 

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and then again to the free territory of
wisconsin<00:02:17.920><c> there</c>

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wisconsin there
 

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wisconsin there
scott<00:02:19.040><c> met</c><00:02:19.280><c> and</c><00:02:19.360><c> married</c><00:02:19.680><c> his</c><00:02:19.840><c> wife</c><00:02:20.560><c> harriet</c>

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scott met and married his wife harriet
 

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scott met and married his wife harriet
robinson<00:02:22.000><c> and</c><00:02:22.239><c> he</c><00:02:22.319><c> started</c><00:02:22.640><c> a</c><00:02:22.720><c> family</c>

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robinson and he started a family
 

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robinson and he started a family
in<00:02:23.920><c> 1840</c><00:02:25.120><c> john</c><00:02:25.360><c> emerson's</c><00:02:25.840><c> wife</c><00:02:26.080><c> irene</c>

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in 1840 john emerson's wife irene
 

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in 1840 john emerson's wife irene
returned<00:02:27.360><c> to</c><00:02:27.520><c> st</c><00:02:27.760><c> louis</c><00:02:28.560><c> along</c><00:02:28.800><c> with</c><00:02:28.959><c> dred</c>

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returned to st louis along with dred
 

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returned to st louis along with dred
scott<00:02:29.920><c> and</c><00:02:30.000><c> his</c><00:02:30.239><c> family</c><00:02:30.879><c> and</c><00:02:31.040><c> in</c><00:02:31.200><c> 1843</c>

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scott and his family and in 1843
 

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scott and his family and in 1843
john<00:02:32.959><c> died</c><00:02:33.360><c> suddenly</c><00:02:34.239><c> and</c><00:02:34.400><c> dred</c><00:02:34.720><c> scott</c><00:02:35.040><c> and</c>

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john died suddenly and dred scott and
 

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john died suddenly and dred scott and
his<00:02:35.280><c> family</c><00:02:36.080><c> became</c><00:02:36.400><c> the</c><00:02:36.560><c> sole</c><00:02:36.879><c> property</c><00:02:37.680><c> of</c>

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his family became the sole property of
 

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his family became the sole property of
irene<00:02:38.640><c> it's</c><00:02:38.879><c> possible</c><00:02:39.599><c> that</c><00:02:39.840><c> dred</c><00:02:40.000><c> scott</c>

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irene it's possible that dred scott
 

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irene it's possible that dred scott
attempted<00:02:40.720><c> to</c><00:02:40.879><c> buy</c><00:02:41.200><c> he</c><00:02:41.519><c> and</c><00:02:41.599><c> his</c><00:02:41.760><c> family's</c>

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attempted to buy he and his family's
 

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attempted to buy he and his family's
freedom<00:02:42.560><c> from</c><00:02:42.800><c> irene</c><00:02:43.680><c> but</c><00:02:43.840><c> from</c><00:02:44.000><c> what</c>

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freedom from irene but from what
 

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freedom from irene but from what
historians<00:02:44.720><c> can</c><00:02:44.879><c> tell</c>

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historians can tell
 

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historians can tell
she<00:02:45.920><c> refused</c><00:02:46.800><c> so</c><00:02:47.040><c> in</c><00:02:47.200><c> 1846</c><00:02:48.480><c> dred</c><00:02:48.800><c> scott</c><00:02:49.040><c> filed</c>

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she refused so in 1846 dred scott filed
 

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she refused so in 1846 dred scott filed
a<00:02:49.440><c> suit</c><00:02:49.599><c> for</c><00:02:49.760><c> his</c><00:02:49.920><c> freedom</c><00:02:50.560><c> in</c><00:02:50.720><c> a</c><00:02:50.800><c> saint</c><00:02:51.040><c> louis</c>

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a suit for his freedom in a saint louis
 

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a suit for his freedom in a saint louis
district<00:02:51.680><c> court</c>

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district court
 

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district court
his<00:02:52.720><c> claim</c><00:02:52.959><c> was</c><00:02:53.120><c> based</c><00:02:53.440><c> on</c><00:02:53.519><c> missouri</c><00:02:54.000><c> law</c><00:02:54.239><c> and</c>

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his claim was based on missouri law and
 

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his claim was based on missouri law and
precedent<00:02:55.200><c> that</c><00:02:55.440><c> if</c><00:02:55.519><c> an</c><00:02:55.680><c> enslaved</c><00:02:56.239><c> person</c><00:02:56.879><c> was</c>

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precedent that if an enslaved person was
 

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precedent that if an enslaved person was
relocated<00:02:57.760><c> to</c><00:02:57.920><c> a</c><00:02:58.000><c> free</c><00:02:58.239><c> state</c><00:02:58.560><c> or</c><00:02:58.720><c> territory</c>

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relocated to a free state or territory
 

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relocated to a free state or territory
they<00:02:59.920><c> were</c><00:03:00.080><c> then</c><00:03:00.319><c> considered</c><00:03:00.800><c> free</c>

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they were then considered free
 

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they were then considered free
and<00:03:01.920><c> thus</c><00:03:02.640><c> they</c><00:03:02.800><c> couldn't</c><00:03:03.120><c> be</c><00:03:03.280><c> re-enslaved</c>

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and thus they couldn't be re-enslaved
 

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and thus they couldn't be re-enslaved
upon<00:03:04.879><c> entering</c><00:03:05.519><c> a</c><00:03:05.599><c> slave</c><00:03:05.920><c> state</c><00:03:06.480><c> and</c><00:03:06.640><c> since</c>

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upon entering a slave state and since
 

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upon entering a slave state and since
john<00:03:07.200><c> emerson</c><00:03:07.519><c> had</c><00:03:07.680><c> taken</c><00:03:08.000><c> dred</c><00:03:08.239><c> scott</c><00:03:08.480><c> to</c>

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john emerson had taken dred scott to
 

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john emerson had taken dred scott to
live<00:03:08.800><c> in</c><00:03:08.879><c> both</c><00:03:09.120><c> illinois</c><00:03:10.000><c> and</c><00:03:10.159><c> the</c><00:03:10.319><c> wisconsin</c>

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live in both illinois and the wisconsin
 

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live in both illinois and the wisconsin
territory<00:03:11.440><c> at</c><00:03:11.519><c> various</c><00:03:11.920><c> points</c><00:03:12.720><c> both</c><00:03:12.959><c> of</c>

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territory at various points both of
 

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territory at various points both of
which<00:03:13.280><c> were</c><00:03:13.440><c> free</c><00:03:13.680><c> domains</c>

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which were free domains
 

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which were free domains
it<00:03:14.959><c> seemed</c><00:03:15.280><c> like</c><00:03:15.920><c> they</c><00:03:16.080><c> had</c><00:03:16.239><c> a</c><00:03:16.319><c> pretty</c><00:03:16.480><c> good</c>

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it seemed like they had a pretty good
 

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it seemed like they had a pretty good
case<00:03:17.440><c> after</c><00:03:17.599><c> a</c><00:03:17.680><c> bit</c><00:03:17.840><c> of</c><00:03:17.920><c> back</c><00:03:18.159><c> and</c><00:03:18.239><c> forth</c>

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case after a bit of back and forth
 

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case after a bit of back and forth
dred<00:03:19.360><c> scott</c><00:03:19.680><c> did</c><00:03:19.920><c> eventually</c><00:03:20.480><c> win</c><00:03:20.720><c> his</c>

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dred scott did eventually win his
 

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dred scott did eventually win his
family's<00:03:21.280><c> freedom</c><00:03:21.920><c> in</c><00:03:22.080><c> 1850</c><00:03:23.040><c> but</c><00:03:23.280><c> the</c><00:03:23.440><c> case</c>

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family's freedom in 1850 but the case
 

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family's freedom in 1850 but the case
got<00:03:24.319><c> appealed</c><00:03:24.640><c> to</c><00:03:24.720><c> missouri's</c><00:03:25.200><c> supreme</c><00:03:25.519><c> court</c>

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got appealed to missouri's supreme court
 

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got appealed to missouri's supreme court
which<00:03:26.480><c> ruled</c><00:03:26.799><c> against</c><00:03:27.120><c> the</c><00:03:27.200><c> lower</c><00:03:27.440><c> court's</c>

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which ruled against the lower court's
 

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which ruled against the lower court's
decision<00:03:28.560><c> while</c><00:03:28.799><c> noting</c><00:03:29.200><c> quote</c>

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decision while noting quote
 

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decision while noting quote
times<00:03:30.640><c> now</c><00:03:31.040><c> are</c><00:03:31.120><c> not</c><00:03:31.280><c> as</c><00:03:31.440><c> they</c><00:03:31.599><c> were</c>

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times now are not as they were
 

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times now are not as they were
when<00:03:32.560><c> the</c><00:03:32.640><c> former</c><00:03:33.040><c> decisions</c><00:03:33.519><c> on</c><00:03:33.599><c> the</c><00:03:33.760><c> subject</c>

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when the former decisions on the subject
 

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when the former decisions on the subject
were<00:03:34.720><c> made</c>

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were made
 

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were made
dred<00:03:36.159><c> scott</c><00:03:36.480><c> and</c><00:03:36.560><c> his</c><00:03:36.720><c> family</c>

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dred scott and his family
 

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dred scott and his family
were<00:03:38.159><c> sent</c><00:03:38.400><c> back</c><00:03:38.640><c> into</c><00:03:38.799><c> slavery</c><00:03:39.599><c> but</c><00:03:39.760><c> scott</c>

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were sent back into slavery but scott
 

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were sent back into slavery but scott
kept<00:03:40.319><c> going</c>

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kept going
 

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kept going
he<00:03:41.280><c> received</c><00:03:41.680><c> assistance</c><00:03:42.159><c> from</c><00:03:42.319><c> local</c>

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he received assistance from local
 

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he received assistance from local
abolitionists<00:03:43.599><c> who</c><00:03:43.760><c> helped</c><00:03:44.080><c> him</c><00:03:44.159><c> file</c><00:03:44.480><c> suit</c>

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abolitionists who helped him file suit
 

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abolitionists who helped him file suit
in<00:03:44.799><c> a</c><00:03:44.879><c> federal</c><00:03:45.280><c> court</c><00:03:46.239><c> by</c><00:03:46.480><c> then</c><00:03:47.120><c> irene</c><00:03:47.440><c> had</c>

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in a federal court by then irene had
 

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in a federal court by then irene had
left<00:03:47.840><c> missouri</c><00:03:48.560><c> and</c><00:03:48.720><c> remarried</c><00:03:49.680><c> and</c><00:03:49.840><c> for</c>

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left missouri and remarried and for
 

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left missouri and remarried and for
reasons<00:03:50.400><c> historians</c><00:03:51.040><c> have</c><00:03:51.120><c> never</c><00:03:51.360><c> quite</c>

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reasons historians have never quite
 

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reasons historians have never quite
figured<00:03:51.920><c> out</c><00:03:52.560><c> the</c><00:03:52.720><c> focus</c><00:03:53.040><c> of</c><00:03:53.200><c> the</c><00:03:53.280><c> case</c><00:03:53.840><c> went</c>

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figured out the focus of the case went
 

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figured out the focus of the case went
to<00:03:54.159><c> her</c><00:03:54.319><c> brother</c>

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to her brother
 

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to her brother
john<00:03:55.519><c> sanford</c>

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john sanford
 

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john sanford
the<00:03:56.640><c> case</c><00:03:57.360><c> eventually</c><00:03:57.920><c> found</c><00:03:58.159><c> its</c><00:03:58.319><c> way</c><00:03:58.480><c> to</c><00:03:58.640><c> the</c>

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the case eventually found its way to the
 

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the case eventually found its way to the
u.s<00:03:59.040><c> supreme</c><00:03:59.439><c> court</c><00:04:00.239><c> but</c><00:04:00.400><c> once</c><00:04:00.720><c> the</c><00:04:00.799><c> case</c><00:04:01.040><c> got</c>

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u.s supreme court but once the case got
 

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u.s supreme court but once the case got
there

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there
 

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there
things

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things
 

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things
to<00:04:03.599><c> put</c><00:04:03.760><c> it</c><00:04:03.840><c> mildly</c>

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to put it mildly
 

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to put it mildly
did<00:04:05.360><c> not</c><00:04:05.599><c> go</c><00:04:05.760><c> well</c>

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did not go well
 

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did not go well
the<00:04:06.799><c> moment</c><00:04:07.040><c> this</c><00:04:07.200><c> case</c><00:04:07.439><c> arrived</c><00:04:07.760><c> at</c><00:04:07.920><c> the</c>

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the moment this case arrived at the
 

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the moment this case arrived at the
supreme<00:04:08.319><c> court</c><00:04:08.959><c> was</c><00:04:09.200><c> a</c><00:04:09.280><c> pivotal</c><00:04:09.680><c> one</c><00:04:10.000><c> in</c><00:04:10.080><c> the</c>

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supreme court was a pivotal one in the
 

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supreme court was a pivotal one in the
larger<00:04:10.560><c> context</c><00:04:11.040><c> of</c><00:04:11.120><c> u.s</c><00:04:11.360><c> history</c><00:04:12.159><c> because</c><00:04:12.480><c> it</c>

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larger context of u.s history because it
 

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larger context of u.s history because it
was<00:04:12.720><c> a</c><00:04:12.879><c> time</c><00:04:13.599><c> in</c><00:04:13.680><c> which</c><00:04:13.920><c> the</c><00:04:14.080><c> issue</c><00:04:14.400><c> of</c><00:04:14.560><c> slavery</c>

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was a time in which the issue of slavery
 

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was a time in which the issue of slavery
hugely<00:04:16.000><c> animated</c><00:04:16.479><c> the</c><00:04:16.560><c> political</c><00:04:16.959><c> debates</c><00:04:17.359><c> in</c>

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hugely animated the political debates in
 

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hugely animated the political debates in
washington<00:04:18.479><c> as</c><00:04:18.639><c> the</c><00:04:18.720><c> country</c><00:04:19.040><c> expanded</c><00:04:19.919><c> at</c>

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washington as the country expanded at
 

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washington as the country expanded at
the<00:04:20.160><c> beginning</c><00:04:20.479><c> of</c><00:04:20.639><c> 1820</c><00:04:21.759><c> the</c><00:04:21.919><c> united</c><00:04:22.240><c> states</c>

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the beginning of 1820 the united states
 

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the beginning of 1820 the united states
was<00:04:22.639><c> composed</c><00:04:23.120><c> of</c><00:04:23.360><c> 22</c><00:04:23.840><c> states</c><00:04:24.720><c> a</c><00:04:24.880><c> big</c><00:04:25.120><c> jump</c>

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was composed of 22 states a big jump
 

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was composed of 22 states a big jump
from<00:04:25.520><c> the</c><00:04:25.680><c> original</c><00:04:26.080><c> 13</c><00:04:26.400><c> colonies</c><00:04:27.040><c> the</c>

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from the original 13 colonies the
 

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from the original 13 colonies the
louisiana<00:04:27.759><c> purchase</c><00:04:28.639><c> had</c><00:04:28.880><c> doubled</c><00:04:29.199><c> the</c><00:04:29.360><c> land</c>

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louisiana purchase had doubled the land
 

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louisiana purchase had doubled the land
mass<00:04:29.919><c> of</c><00:04:30.080><c> the</c><00:04:30.160><c> country</c><00:04:30.960><c> which</c><00:04:31.120><c> meant</c><00:04:31.360><c> that</c>

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mass of the country which meant that
 

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mass of the country which meant that
there<00:04:31.600><c> were</c><00:04:31.759><c> new</c><00:04:31.919><c> states</c><00:04:32.240><c> to</c><00:04:32.400><c> admit</c>

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there were new states to admit
 

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there were new states to admit
and<00:04:33.600><c> what</c><00:04:33.759><c> this</c><00:04:34.000><c> did</c><00:04:34.720><c> was</c><00:04:34.880><c> created</c><00:04:35.280><c> some</c><00:04:35.520><c> real</c>

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and what this did was created some real
 

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and what this did was created some real
tension<00:04:36.639><c> between</c><00:04:36.960><c> the</c><00:04:37.040><c> north</c><00:04:37.440><c> and</c><00:04:37.520><c> the</c><00:04:37.680><c> south</c>

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tension between the north and the south
 

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tension between the north and the south
on<00:04:38.560><c> the</c><00:04:38.720><c> issue</c><00:04:38.960><c> of</c><00:04:39.040><c> slavery</c><00:04:40.000><c> would</c><00:04:40.160><c> the</c><00:04:40.240><c> new</c>

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on the issue of slavery would the new
 

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on the issue of slavery would the new
states<00:04:41.280><c> be</c><00:04:41.440><c> free</c><00:04:41.680><c> states</c>

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states be free states
 

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states be free states
slave<00:04:43.280><c> states</c>

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slave states
 

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slave states
would<00:04:44.320><c> they</c><00:04:44.479><c> get</c><00:04:44.639><c> to</c><00:04:44.720><c> decide</c><00:04:45.120><c> for</c><00:04:45.280><c> themselves</c>

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would they get to decide for themselves
 

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would they get to decide for themselves
let's<00:04:46.479><c> go</c><00:04:46.639><c> to</c><00:04:46.800><c> the</c><00:04:46.880><c> thought</c><00:04:47.040><c> bubble</c><00:04:47.759><c> the</c>

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let's go to the thought bubble the
 

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let's go to the thought bubble the
entire<00:04:48.320><c> nation</c><00:04:49.120><c> was</c><00:04:49.360><c> dependent</c><00:04:49.840><c> on</c><00:04:49.919><c> slavery</c>

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entire nation was dependent on slavery
 

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entire nation was dependent on slavery
to<00:04:50.479><c> some</c><00:04:50.720><c> extent</c><00:04:51.600><c> but</c><00:04:51.759><c> some</c><00:04:52.000><c> states</c><00:04:52.720><c> as</c><00:04:52.880><c> we've</c>

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to some extent but some states as we've
 

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to some extent but some states as we've
discussed<00:04:54.080><c> were</c><00:04:54.320><c> more</c><00:04:54.560><c> directly</c><00:04:55.040><c> involved</c>

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discussed were more directly involved
 

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discussed were more directly involved
than<00:04:56.000><c> others</c>

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than others
 

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than others
so

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so
 

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so
with<00:04:58.160><c> predominantly</c><00:04:58.800><c> northern</c><00:04:59.199><c> states</c>

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with predominantly northern states
 

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with predominantly northern states
pushing<00:04:59.759><c> to</c><00:04:59.919><c> end</c><00:05:00.080><c> slavery</c><00:05:01.039><c> and</c><00:05:01.280><c> southern</c>

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pushing to end slavery and southern
 

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pushing to end slavery and southern
states<00:05:01.919><c> pushing</c><00:05:02.240><c> to</c><00:05:02.320><c> keep</c><00:05:02.479><c> it</c><00:05:02.639><c> in</c><00:05:02.720><c> place</c>

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states pushing to keep it in place
 

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states pushing to keep it in place
it<00:05:03.759><c> became</c><00:05:04.080><c> a</c><00:05:04.160><c> bit</c><00:05:04.320><c> of</c><00:05:04.479><c> a</c><00:05:05.039><c> moral</c><00:05:05.440><c> and</c><00:05:05.680><c> economic</c>

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it became a bit of a moral and economic
 

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it became a bit of a moral and economic
tug<00:05:06.400><c> of</c><00:05:06.560><c> war</c><00:05:07.039><c> this</c><00:05:07.280><c> dispute</c>

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tug of war this dispute
 

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tug of war this dispute
led<00:05:08.639><c> to</c><00:05:08.720><c> the</c><00:05:08.800><c> missouri</c><00:05:09.199><c> compromise</c><00:05:10.240><c> which</c>

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led to the missouri compromise which
 

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led to the missouri compromise which
designated<00:05:11.120><c> part</c><00:05:11.360><c> of</c><00:05:11.440><c> the</c><00:05:11.520><c> louisiana</c>

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designated part of the louisiana
 

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designated part of the louisiana
purchase<00:05:12.400><c> as</c><00:05:12.560><c> free</c><00:05:12.800><c> territory</c>

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purchase as free territory
 

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purchase as free territory
and<00:05:14.080><c> part</c><00:05:14.320><c> of</c><00:05:14.479><c> it</c><00:05:14.639><c> a</c><00:05:14.720><c> slave</c><00:05:15.039><c> territory</c><00:05:16.000><c> which</c>

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and part of it a slave territory which
 

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and part of it a slave territory which
would<00:05:16.400><c> balance</c><00:05:16.800><c> congressional</c><00:05:17.360><c> power</c><00:05:18.080><c> as</c>

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would balance congressional power as
 

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would balance congressional power as
more<00:05:18.479><c> states</c><00:05:18.880><c> entered</c><00:05:19.120><c> the</c><00:05:19.199><c> union</c><00:05:19.680><c> this</c>

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more states entered the union this
 

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more states entered the union this
compromise<00:05:20.479><c> though</c>

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compromise though
 

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compromise though
came<00:05:21.680><c> at</c><00:05:21.759><c> the</c><00:05:21.919><c> expense</c><00:05:22.320><c> of</c><00:05:22.560><c> black</c><00:05:22.800><c> people's</c>

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came at the expense of black people's
 

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came at the expense of black people's
lives<00:05:23.759><c> but</c><00:05:24.000><c> as</c><00:05:24.160><c> the</c><00:05:24.240><c> united</c><00:05:24.639><c> states</c><00:05:24.960><c> expanded</c>

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lives but as the united states expanded
 

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lives but as the united states expanded
more<00:05:26.240><c> individuals</c><00:05:26.800><c> wanted</c><00:05:27.039><c> to</c><00:05:27.199><c> travel</c><00:05:27.520><c> across</c>

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more individuals wanted to travel across
 

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more individuals wanted to travel across
state<00:05:28.160><c> lines</c>

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state lines
 

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state lines
and<00:05:29.360><c> that</c>

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and that
 

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and that
created<00:05:30.639><c> some</c><00:05:30.880><c> unique</c><00:05:31.199><c> legal</c><00:05:31.520><c> issues</c>

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created some unique legal issues
 

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created some unique legal issues
the<00:05:32.639><c> core</c><00:05:32.880><c> of</c><00:05:33.039><c> dred</c><00:05:33.199><c> scott's</c><00:05:33.600><c> legal</c><00:05:33.919><c> argument</c>

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the core of dred scott's legal argument
 

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the core of dred scott's legal argument
was<00:05:34.880><c> that</c><00:05:35.039><c> he</c><00:05:35.199><c> had</c><00:05:35.280><c> lived</c><00:05:35.600><c> in</c><00:05:35.759><c> free</c><00:05:36.000><c> areas</c><00:05:36.320><c> of</c>

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was that he had lived in free areas of
 

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was that he had lived in free areas of
the<00:05:36.560><c> country</c><00:05:37.199><c> with</c><00:05:37.440><c> his</c><00:05:37.600><c> enslaver</c>

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the country with his enslaver
 

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the country with his enslaver
illinois<00:05:39.600><c> and</c><00:05:39.759><c> the</c><00:05:39.840><c> wisconsin</c><00:05:40.320><c> territory</c>

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illinois and the wisconsin territory
 

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illinois and the wisconsin territory
the<00:05:41.600><c> federal</c><00:05:41.919><c> government</c>

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the federal government
 

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the federal government
at<00:05:42.960><c> this</c><00:05:43.199><c> time</c>

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at this time
 

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at this time
did<00:05:44.160><c> not</c><00:05:44.400><c> have</c><00:05:44.639><c> specific</c><00:05:45.120><c> legislation</c>

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did not have specific legislation
 

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did not have specific legislation
addressing<00:05:46.560><c> the</c><00:05:46.720><c> issue</c>

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addressing the issue
 

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addressing the issue
so<00:05:47.680><c> the</c><00:05:47.840><c> united</c><00:05:48.160><c> states</c><00:05:48.400><c> supreme</c><00:05:48.800><c> court</c>

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so the united states supreme court
 

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so the united states supreme court
was<00:05:49.919><c> left</c><00:05:50.160><c> to</c><00:05:50.240><c> sort</c><00:05:50.479><c> things</c><00:05:50.720><c> out</c><00:05:51.120><c> if</c><00:05:51.280><c> an</c>

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was left to sort things out if an
 

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was left to sort things out if an
enslaved<00:05:51.840><c> person</c><00:05:52.639><c> is</c><00:05:52.800><c> moved</c><00:05:53.039><c> from</c><00:05:53.199><c> a</c><00:05:53.280><c> slave</c>

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enslaved person is moved from a slave
 

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enslaved person is moved from a slave
state<00:05:54.320><c> to</c><00:05:54.479><c> a</c><00:05:54.560><c> free</c><00:05:54.800><c> state</c>

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state to a free state
 

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state to a free state
is<00:05:56.000><c> that</c><00:05:56.240><c> individual</c><00:05:57.199><c> now</c><00:05:57.360><c> free</c><00:05:57.919><c> what</c><00:05:58.080><c> if</c>

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is that individual now free what if
 

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is that individual now free what if
you're<00:05:58.319><c> riding</c><00:05:58.560><c> on</c><00:05:58.720><c> a</c><00:05:58.800><c> train</c><00:05:59.120><c> leaving</c><00:05:59.520><c> a</c><00:05:59.600><c> slave</c>

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you're riding on a train leaving a slave
 

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you're riding on a train leaving a slave
state<00:06:00.720><c> and</c><00:06:00.960><c> pass</c><00:06:01.280><c> through</c><00:06:01.600><c> a</c><00:06:01.680><c> free</c><00:06:01.919><c> state</c>

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state and pass through a free state
 

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state and pass through a free state
is<00:06:03.199><c> that</c><00:06:03.440><c> black</c><00:06:03.680><c> person</c><00:06:04.080><c> free</c><00:06:04.400><c> on</c><00:06:04.479><c> the</c><00:06:04.639><c> train</c>

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is that black person free on the train
 

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is that black person free on the train
while<00:06:05.120><c> it's</c><00:06:05.280><c> in</c><00:06:05.440><c> the</c><00:06:05.520><c> free</c><00:06:05.680><c> state</c>

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while it's in the free state
 

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while it's in the free state
but<00:06:06.800><c> enslaved</c><00:06:07.360><c> again</c><00:06:07.600><c> when</c><00:06:07.840><c> it</c><00:06:07.919><c> passes</c><00:06:08.319><c> back</c>

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but enslaved again when it passes back
 

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but enslaved again when it passes back
into<00:06:08.800><c> the</c><00:06:08.880><c> slave</c><00:06:09.120><c> state</c>

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into the slave state
 

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into the slave state
these<00:06:10.880><c> were</c><00:06:11.120><c> big</c><00:06:11.360><c> questions</c><00:06:11.759><c> that</c><00:06:11.919><c> the</c>

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these were big questions that the
 

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these were big questions that the
country<00:06:12.400><c> was</c><00:06:12.560><c> wrestling</c><00:06:12.960><c> with</c>

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country was wrestling with
 

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country was wrestling with
and<00:06:13.919><c> the</c><00:06:14.080><c> stakes</c>

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and the stakes
 

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and the stakes
truly<00:06:15.520><c> could</c><00:06:15.680><c> not</c><00:06:15.840><c> have</c><00:06:16.000><c> been</c><00:06:16.160><c> higher</c><00:06:16.880><c> thanks</c>

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truly could not have been higher thanks
 

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truly could not have been higher thanks
top<00:06:17.280><c> bubble</c><00:06:17.919><c> the</c><00:06:18.080><c> supreme</c><00:06:18.479><c> court</c>

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top bubble the supreme court
 

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top bubble the supreme court
didn't<00:06:19.680><c> buy</c><00:06:19.919><c> scott's</c><00:06:20.319><c> arguments</c>

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didn't buy scott's arguments
 

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didn't buy scott's arguments
and<00:06:21.440><c> the</c><00:06:21.520><c> justices</c><00:06:22.080><c> cited</c><00:06:22.479><c> 7-2</c>

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and the justices cited 7-2
 

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and the justices cited 7-2
with<00:06:23.840><c> sanford</c>

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with sanford
 

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with sanford
chief<00:06:25.039><c> justice</c><00:06:25.440><c> roger</c><00:06:25.759><c> tawny</c><00:06:26.560><c> wrote</c><00:06:26.800><c> in</c><00:06:26.880><c> the</c>

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chief justice roger tawny wrote in the
 

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chief justice roger tawny wrote in the
majority<00:06:27.440><c> opinion</c><00:06:28.319><c> that</c><00:06:28.479><c> scott</c><00:06:28.800><c> did</c><00:06:28.960><c> not</c><00:06:29.199><c> have</c>

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majority opinion that scott did not have
 

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majority opinion that scott did not have
the<00:06:29.440><c> standing</c><00:06:29.840><c> to</c><00:06:30.080><c> sue</c><00:06:30.800><c> because</c><00:06:31.120><c> enslaved</c>

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the standing to sue because enslaved
 

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the standing to sue because enslaved
african-americans

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african-americans
 

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african-americans
weren't<00:06:33.440><c> citizens</c><00:06:33.919><c> of</c><00:06:34.000><c> the</c><00:06:34.160><c> united</c><00:06:34.560><c> states</c>

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weren't citizens of the united states
 

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weren't citizens of the united states
and<00:06:35.520><c> if</c><00:06:35.600><c> that</c><00:06:35.759><c> wasn't</c><00:06:36.080><c> enough</c>

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and if that wasn't enough
 

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and if that wasn't enough
justice<00:06:37.360><c> tawny</c><00:06:37.759><c> stated</c><00:06:38.000><c> that</c><00:06:38.240><c> even</c><00:06:38.560><c> free</c>

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justice tawny stated that even free
 

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justice tawny stated that even free
black<00:06:39.120><c> people</c><00:06:39.440><c> in</c><00:06:39.520><c> the</c><00:06:39.600><c> north</c>

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black people in the north
 

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black people in the north
could<00:06:40.720><c> never</c><00:06:40.960><c> be</c><00:06:41.120><c> considered</c><00:06:41.600><c> citizens</c>

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could never be considered citizens
 

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could never be considered citizens
he<00:06:42.880><c> wrote</c><00:06:43.120><c> that</c><00:06:43.280><c> black</c><00:06:43.520><c> people</c><00:06:43.840><c> quote</c>

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he wrote that black people quote
 

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he wrote that black people quote
are<00:06:44.880><c> not</c><00:06:45.120><c> included</c><00:06:46.080><c> and</c><00:06:46.160><c> were</c><00:06:46.319><c> not</c><00:06:46.560><c> intended</c>

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are not included and were not intended
 

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are not included and were not intended
to<00:06:47.120><c> be</c><00:06:47.440><c> included</c>

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to be included
 

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to be included
under<00:06:48.639><c> the</c><00:06:48.720><c> word</c><00:06:49.039><c> citizens</c><00:06:50.080><c> in</c><00:06:50.240><c> the</c>

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under the word citizens in the
 

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under the word citizens in the
constitution<00:06:51.280><c> and</c><00:06:51.440><c> can</c><00:06:51.599><c> therefore</c><00:06:52.080><c> claim</c>

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constitution and can therefore claim
 

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constitution and can therefore claim
none<00:06:52.639><c> of</c><00:06:52.720><c> the</c><00:06:52.800><c> rights</c><00:06:53.120><c> and</c><00:06:53.280><c> privileges</c><00:06:54.240><c> which</c>

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none of the rights and privileges which
 

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none of the rights and privileges which
that<00:06:54.720><c> instrument</c><00:06:55.199><c> provides</c><00:06:55.680><c> for</c><00:06:56.400><c> and</c><00:06:56.560><c> secures</c>

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that instrument provides for and secures
 

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that instrument provides for and secures
to<00:06:57.199><c> citizens</c><00:06:58.080><c> of</c><00:06:58.240><c> the</c><00:06:58.319><c> united</c><00:06:58.720><c> states</c><00:06:59.520><c> and</c><00:06:59.680><c> in</c>

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to citizens of the united states and in
 

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to citizens of the united states and in
outlining<00:07:00.240><c> the</c><00:07:00.319><c> rationale</c><00:07:00.800><c> for</c><00:07:00.960><c> his</c><00:07:01.199><c> decision</c>

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outlining the rationale for his decision
 

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outlining the rationale for his decision
he<00:07:02.240><c> stated</c><00:07:02.479><c> that</c><00:07:02.639><c> when</c><00:07:02.880><c> the</c><00:07:02.960><c> constitution</c><00:07:03.599><c> was</c>

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he stated that when the constitution was
 

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he stated that when the constitution was
framed<00:07:04.160><c> and</c><00:07:04.319><c> adopted</c>

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framed and adopted
 

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framed and adopted
black<00:07:05.599><c> people</c><00:07:06.000><c> quote</c>

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black people quote
 

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black people quote
had<00:07:07.120><c> no</c><00:07:07.360><c> rights</c><00:07:07.680><c> which</c><00:07:07.840><c> the</c><00:07:08.000><c> white</c><00:07:08.319><c> man</c><00:07:08.960><c> was</c>

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had no rights which the white man was
 

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had no rights which the white man was
bound<00:07:09.440><c> to</c><00:07:09.599><c> respect</c>

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i<00:07:13.840><c> have</c><00:07:14.000><c> a</c><00:07:14.080><c> lot</c><00:07:14.240><c> of</c><00:07:14.319><c> feelings</c><00:07:14.720><c> about</c><00:07:14.960><c> tawny</c>

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i have a lot of feelings about tawny
 

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i have a lot of feelings about tawny
that<00:07:16.080><c> are</c><00:07:16.160><c> not</c><00:07:16.400><c> appropriate</c><00:07:16.880><c> to</c><00:07:16.960><c> say</c><00:07:17.120><c> in</c><00:07:17.199><c> this</c>

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that are not appropriate to say in this
 

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that are not appropriate to say in this
video

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video
 

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video
so<00:07:18.479><c> let's</c><00:07:18.720><c> keep</c><00:07:18.960><c> going</c>

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so let's keep going
 

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so let's keep going
before<00:07:20.080><c> i</c><00:07:20.160><c> get</c><00:07:20.319><c> in</c><00:07:20.479><c> trouble</c>

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before i get in trouble
 

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before i get in trouble
what's<00:07:21.680><c> more</c>

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what's more
 

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what's more
tawny's<00:07:22.960><c> decision</c><00:07:23.280><c> declared</c><00:07:23.680><c> that</c><00:07:23.840><c> the</c><00:07:23.919><c> ban</c>

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tawny's decision declared that the ban
 

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tawny's decision declared that the ban
on<00:07:24.400><c> slavery</c><00:07:25.280><c> was</c><00:07:25.520><c> unconstitutional</c><00:07:26.639><c> in</c>

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on slavery was unconstitutional in
 

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on slavery was unconstitutional in
territories<00:07:27.360><c> that</c><00:07:27.440><c> were</c><00:07:27.599><c> part</c><00:07:27.840><c> of</c><00:07:27.919><c> the</c>

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territories that were part of the
 

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territories that were part of the
louisiana<00:07:28.560><c> purchase</c><00:07:29.360><c> and</c><00:07:29.520><c> it</c><00:07:29.759><c> also</c><00:07:30.080><c> upheld</c>

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louisiana purchase and it also upheld
 

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louisiana purchase and it also upheld
that<00:07:30.560><c> neither</c><00:07:30.880><c> congress</c><00:07:31.680><c> nor</c><00:07:32.000><c> territorial</c>

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that neither congress nor territorial
 

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that neither congress nor territorial
governments<00:07:33.520><c> had</c><00:07:33.759><c> the</c><00:07:33.919><c> power</c><00:07:34.560><c> to</c><00:07:34.720><c> ban</c><00:07:34.960><c> slavery</c>

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governments had the power to ban slavery
 

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governments had the power to ban slavery
this<00:07:36.080><c> ruling</c>

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this ruling
 

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this ruling
infuriated<00:07:37.919><c> abolitionists</c><00:07:39.039><c> who</c><00:07:39.199><c> perceived</c>

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infuriated abolitionists who perceived
 

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infuriated abolitionists who perceived
this<00:07:39.919><c> as</c><00:07:40.000><c> an</c><00:07:40.160><c> attempt</c><00:07:40.960><c> to</c><00:07:41.120><c> prevent</c><00:07:41.520><c> any</c><00:07:41.680><c> debate</c>

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this as an attempt to prevent any debate
 

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this as an attempt to prevent any debate
and<00:07:42.240><c> discussion</c>

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and discussion
 

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and discussion
about<00:07:43.599><c> how</c><00:07:44.080><c> and</c><00:07:44.240><c> where</c><00:07:44.560><c> slavery</c><00:07:44.960><c> would</c><00:07:45.199><c> exist</c>

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about how and where slavery would exist
 

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about how and where slavery would exist
in<00:07:46.000><c> the</c><00:07:46.080><c> united</c><00:07:46.479><c> states</c>

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in the united states
 

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in the united states
and<00:07:47.520><c> it</c><00:07:47.599><c> further</c><00:07:48.000><c> exacerbated</c><00:07:49.199><c> the</c><00:07:49.440><c> already</c>

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and it further exacerbated the already
 

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and it further exacerbated the already
high<00:07:50.160><c> tensions</c><00:07:50.800><c> on</c><00:07:50.960><c> the</c><00:07:51.120><c> issue</c><00:07:51.840><c> historians</c>

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high tensions on the issue historians
 

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high tensions on the issue historians
point<00:07:52.720><c> to</c><00:07:52.800><c> the</c><00:07:52.879><c> decision</c><00:07:53.759><c> as</c><00:07:54.000><c> one</c><00:07:54.160><c> of</c><00:07:54.240><c> the</c>

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point to the decision as one of the
 

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point to the decision as one of the
factors<00:07:54.720><c> that</c><00:07:54.879><c> more</c><00:07:55.120><c> directly</c><00:07:55.599><c> set</c><00:07:55.759><c> the</c>

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factors that more directly set the
 

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factors that more directly set the
country

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country
 

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country
on<00:07:57.039><c> the</c><00:07:57.120><c> path</c><00:07:57.440><c> towards</c><00:07:57.680><c> civil</c><00:07:58.080><c> war</c>

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on the path towards civil war
 

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on the path towards civil war
this<00:07:59.360><c> was</c><00:07:59.599><c> a</c><00:07:59.680><c> consequential</c><00:08:00.960><c> and</c><00:08:01.199><c> deeply</c>

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this was a consequential and deeply
 

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this was a consequential and deeply
shameful<00:08:02.160><c> moment</c><00:08:02.479><c> in</c><00:08:02.639><c> american</c><00:08:03.039><c> history</c>

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shameful moment in american history
 

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shameful moment in american history
many<00:08:04.319><c> historians</c><00:08:05.360><c> consider</c><00:08:05.759><c> it</c><00:08:05.840><c> to</c><00:08:06.000><c> be</c><00:08:06.080><c> the</c>

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many historians consider it to be the
 

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many historians consider it to be the
worst<00:08:06.560><c> supreme</c><00:08:06.960><c> court</c><00:08:07.280><c> decision</c><00:08:08.240><c> ever</c>

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worst supreme court decision ever
 

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worst supreme court decision ever
and<00:08:09.599><c> it's</c><00:08:09.759><c> hard</c><00:08:10.000><c> not</c><00:08:10.160><c> to</c><00:08:10.319><c> agree</c>

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and it's hard not to agree
 

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and it's hard not to agree
this<00:08:11.360><c> decision</c><00:08:12.240><c> created</c><00:08:12.720><c> a</c><00:08:12.800><c> new</c><00:08:13.120><c> legal</c>

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this decision created a new legal
 

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this decision created a new legal
precedent<00:08:14.319><c> that</c><00:08:14.479><c> solidified</c><00:08:15.199><c> black</c><00:08:15.440><c> american</c>

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precedent that solidified black american
 

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precedent that solidified black american
status<00:08:16.720><c> as</c><00:08:16.879><c> an</c><00:08:17.039><c> underclass</c>

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status as an underclass
 

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status as an underclass
it<00:08:18.319><c> kept</c><00:08:18.639><c> them</c><00:08:19.120><c> from</c><00:08:19.360><c> being</c><00:08:19.599><c> able</c><00:08:19.759><c> to</c><00:08:19.840><c> vote</c>

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it kept them from being able to vote
 

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it kept them from being able to vote
from<00:08:20.879><c> being</c><00:08:21.120><c> able</c><00:08:21.280><c> to</c><00:08:21.440><c> defend</c><00:08:21.759><c> themselves</c>

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from being able to defend themselves
 

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from being able to defend themselves
against<00:08:22.560><c> explicit</c><00:08:23.039><c> discrimination</c>

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against explicit discrimination
 

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against explicit discrimination
or<00:08:24.639><c> even</c><00:08:25.280><c> domestic</c><00:08:25.759><c> terrorism</c><00:08:26.319><c> at</c><00:08:26.400><c> the</c><00:08:26.479><c> hands</c>

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or even domestic terrorism at the hands
 

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or even domestic terrorism at the hands
of<00:08:26.879><c> white</c><00:08:27.120><c> americans</c><00:08:28.000><c> black</c><00:08:28.319><c> americans</c><00:08:29.280><c> were</c>

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of white americans black americans were
 

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of white americans black americans were
sometimes<00:08:29.919><c> successful</c><00:08:30.479><c> in</c><00:08:30.560><c> court</c><00:08:30.879><c> after</c><00:08:31.039><c> scot</c>

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sometimes successful in court after scot
 

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sometimes successful in court after scot
v<00:08:31.520><c> sanford</c>

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v sanford
 

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v sanford
but<00:08:32.640><c> that</c><00:08:32.800><c> wasn't</c><00:08:33.120><c> the</c><00:08:33.279><c> norm</c>

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but that wasn't the norm
 

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but that wasn't the norm
and<00:08:34.320><c> black</c><00:08:34.560><c> people</c><00:08:34.800><c> were</c><00:08:34.959><c> now</c><00:08:35.120><c> legally</c><00:08:35.599><c> barred</c>

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and black people were now legally barred
 

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and black people were now legally barred
from<00:08:36.719><c> filing</c><00:08:37.120><c> suits</c><00:08:37.519><c> at</c><00:08:37.599><c> the</c><00:08:37.680><c> federal</c><00:08:38.080><c> level</c>

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from filing suits at the federal level
 

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from filing suits at the federal level
what<00:08:39.440><c> this</c><00:08:39.599><c> did</c>

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what this did
 

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what this did
was<00:08:40.800><c> limit</c><00:08:41.120><c> the</c><00:08:41.200><c> mobility</c><00:08:42.240><c> of</c><00:08:42.399><c> their</c><00:08:42.560><c> cases</c>

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was limit the mobility of their cases
 

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was limit the mobility of their cases
even<00:08:43.839><c> after</c><00:08:44.080><c> the</c><00:08:44.240><c> ratification</c><00:08:44.880><c> of</c><00:08:44.959><c> the</c><00:08:45.040><c> 14th</c>

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even after the ratification of the 14th
 

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even after the ratification of the 14th
amendment<00:08:46.320><c> which</c><00:08:46.560><c> overturned</c><00:08:47.040><c> scott</c><00:08:47.360><c> v</c>

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amendment which overturned scott v
 

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amendment which overturned scott v
sanford<00:08:47.920><c> by</c><00:08:48.080><c> upholding</c><00:08:48.560><c> birthright</c>

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sanford by upholding birthright
 

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sanford by upholding birthright
citizenship

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citizenship
 

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citizenship
african-americans<00:08:50.959><c> were</c><00:08:51.120><c> still</c><00:08:51.440><c> treated</c><00:08:51.760><c> in</c>

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african-americans were still treated in
 

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african-americans were still treated in
accordance<00:08:52.800><c> with</c><00:08:52.959><c> the</c><00:08:53.120><c> ideas</c><00:08:53.519><c> that</c><00:08:53.680><c> have</c><00:08:53.760><c> been</c>

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accordance with the ideas that have been
 

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accordance with the ideas that have been
espoused<00:08:54.480><c> in</c><00:08:54.560><c> the</c><00:08:54.640><c> case</c>

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espoused in the case
 

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espoused in the case
and<00:08:55.680><c> later</c><00:08:56.000><c> in</c><00:08:56.080><c> this</c><00:08:56.240><c> series</c><00:08:57.040><c> we'll</c><00:08:57.279><c> cover</c><00:08:57.519><c> the</c>

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and later in this series we'll cover the
 

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and later in this series we'll cover the
experiences<00:08:58.320><c> of</c><00:08:58.480><c> black</c><00:08:58.720><c> americans</c><00:08:59.600><c> between</c>

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experiences of black americans between
 

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experiences of black americans between
the<00:09:00.080><c> 14th</c><00:09:00.480><c> amendment</c><00:09:01.360><c> and</c><00:09:01.519><c> the</c><00:09:01.600><c> passage</c><00:09:02.080><c> of</c>

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the 14th amendment and the passage of
 

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the 14th amendment and the passage of
the<00:09:02.240><c> civil</c><00:09:02.480><c> rights</c><00:09:02.800><c> act</c><00:09:03.040><c> of</c><00:09:03.120><c> 1964.</c>

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the civil rights act of 1964.
 

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the civil rights act of 1964.
they<00:09:05.519><c> weren't</c><00:09:05.760><c> great</c>

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they weren't great
 

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they weren't great
the<00:09:06.800><c> scot</c><00:09:07.120><c> the</c><00:09:07.279><c> sanford</c><00:09:07.680><c> decision</c>

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the scot the sanford decision
 

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the scot the sanford decision
also<00:09:09.200><c> hung</c><00:09:09.440><c> like</c><00:09:09.600><c> a</c><00:09:09.760><c> shadow</c><00:09:10.160><c> over</c><00:09:10.399><c> u.s</c>

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also hung like a shadow over u.s
 

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also hung like a shadow over u.s
immigration<00:09:11.200><c> policy</c><00:09:12.000><c> for</c><00:09:12.240><c> decades</c>

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immigration policy for decades
 

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immigration policy for decades
scott<00:09:13.680><c> v</c><00:09:13.839><c> sanford</c><00:09:14.720><c> though</c><00:09:14.959><c> eventually</c>

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scott v sanford though eventually
 

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scott v sanford though eventually
overturned<00:09:16.560><c> perpetuated</c><00:09:17.200><c> this</c><00:09:17.440><c> idea</c><00:09:17.839><c> that</c><00:09:18.399><c> if</c>

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overturned perpetuated this idea that if
 

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overturned perpetuated this idea that if
you<00:09:18.640><c> were</c><00:09:18.800><c> not</c><00:09:19.040><c> considered</c><00:09:19.519><c> a</c><00:09:19.600><c> white</c><00:09:19.839><c> american</c>

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you were not considered a white american
 

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you were not considered a white american
then<00:09:21.040><c> you</c><00:09:21.200><c> were</c><00:09:21.279><c> not</c><00:09:21.519><c> entitled</c><00:09:22.000><c> to</c><00:09:22.160><c> dignity</c><00:09:23.040><c> or</c>

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then you were not entitled to dignity or
 

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then you were not entitled to dignity or
safety

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safety
 

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safety
these<00:09:24.480><c> ideologies</c><00:09:25.680><c> pushed</c><00:09:26.000><c> immigrants</c><00:09:26.399><c> to</c>

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these ideologies pushed immigrants to
 

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these ideologies pushed immigrants to
start<00:09:26.800><c> proving</c><00:09:27.200><c> in</c><00:09:27.279><c> social</c><00:09:27.680><c> settings</c><00:09:28.480><c> and</c><00:09:28.720><c> in</c>

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start proving in social settings and in
 

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start proving in social settings and in
court<00:09:29.600><c> that</c><00:09:29.760><c> they</c><00:09:29.920><c> were</c><00:09:30.080><c> wide</c><00:09:30.399><c> enough</c><00:09:30.560><c> to</c><00:09:30.720><c> have</c>

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court that they were wide enough to have
 

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court that they were wide enough to have
the<00:09:31.040><c> benefits</c><00:09:31.519><c> of</c><00:09:31.680><c> citizenship</c>

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the benefits of citizenship
 

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the benefits of citizenship
just<00:09:33.360><c> to</c><00:09:33.440><c> get</c><00:09:33.600><c> the</c><00:09:33.680><c> basic</c><00:09:34.080><c> opportunities</c><00:09:34.959><c> in</c>

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just to get the basic opportunities in
 

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just to get the basic opportunities in
the<00:09:35.200><c> united</c><00:09:35.519><c> states</c>

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the united states
 

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the united states
and<00:09:36.800><c> this</c><00:09:37.040><c> created</c><00:09:37.519><c> deeper</c><00:09:37.839><c> divisions</c>

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and this created deeper divisions
 

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and this created deeper divisions
between<00:09:39.200><c> black</c><00:09:39.440><c> americans</c><00:09:40.480><c> and</c><00:09:40.640><c> many</c>

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between black americans and many
 

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between black americans and many
immigrant<00:09:41.360><c> populations</c>

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immigrant populations
 

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immigrant populations
according<00:09:43.120><c> to</c><00:09:43.200><c> the</c><00:09:43.279><c> historical</c><00:09:43.839><c> construction</c>

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according to the historical construction
 

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according to the historical construction
of<00:09:44.560><c> race</c><00:09:44.880><c> and</c><00:09:44.959><c> citizenship</c><00:09:45.519><c> in</c><00:09:45.680><c> the</c><00:09:45.760><c> united</c>

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of race and citizenship in the united
 

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of race and citizenship in the united
states<00:09:46.959><c> a</c><00:09:47.040><c> 2003</c><00:09:47.760><c> report</c><00:09:48.160><c> done</c><00:09:48.399><c> by</c><00:09:48.560><c> the</c><00:09:48.640><c> united</c>

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states a 2003 report done by the united
 

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states a 2003 report done by the united
nations<00:09:49.440><c> research</c><00:09:49.839><c> institute</c><00:09:50.320><c> for</c><00:09:50.480><c> social</c>

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nations research institute for social
 

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nations research institute for social
development

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development
 

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development
quote

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quote
 

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quote
harder<00:09:53.600><c> to</c><00:09:53.760><c> imagine</c><00:09:54.320><c> is</c><00:09:54.480><c> conferring</c><00:09:55.040><c> on</c>

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harder to imagine is conferring on
 

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harder to imagine is conferring on
african<00:09:55.600><c> americans</c><00:09:56.160><c> the</c><00:09:56.320><c> degree</c><00:09:56.720><c> of</c><00:09:56.800><c> respect</c>

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african americans the degree of respect
 

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african americans the degree of respect
and<00:09:57.440><c> recognition</c><00:09:58.080><c> that</c><00:09:58.240><c> would</c><00:09:58.399><c> make</c><00:09:58.640><c> them</c>

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and recognition that would make them
 

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and recognition that would make them
full<00:09:59.200><c> and</c><00:09:59.279><c> equal</c><00:09:59.600><c> citizens</c><00:10:00.560><c> in</c><00:10:00.720><c> substance</c><00:10:01.600><c> as</c>

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full and equal citizens in substance as
 

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full and equal citizens in substance as
well<00:10:02.000><c> as</c><00:10:02.160><c> in</c><00:10:02.320><c> law</c>

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well as in law
 

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well as in law
no<00:10:03.680><c> other</c><00:10:03.920><c> ethno-racial</c><00:10:04.720><c> group</c><00:10:05.360><c> was</c><00:10:05.600><c> enslaved</c>

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no other ethno-racial group was enslaved
 

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no other ethno-racial group was enslaved
for<00:10:06.240><c> two</c><00:10:06.399><c> and</c><00:10:06.560><c> a</c><00:10:06.640><c> half</c><00:10:06.880><c> centuries</c><00:10:07.760><c> in</c><00:10:07.839><c> what</c>

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for two and a half centuries in what
 

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for two and a half centuries in what
became<00:10:08.399><c> the</c><00:10:08.560><c> united</c><00:10:08.959><c> states</c>

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became the united states
 

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became the united states
or<00:10:10.560><c> despite</c><00:10:10.959><c> the</c><00:10:11.120><c> attainment</c><00:10:11.600><c> of</c><00:10:11.760><c> du</c><00:10:11.920><c> jour</c>

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or despite the attainment of du jour
 

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or despite the attainment of du jour
citizenship<00:10:12.800><c> in</c><00:10:12.959><c> 1868</c><00:10:14.399><c> was</c><00:10:14.640><c> subjected</c><00:10:15.200><c> to</c>

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citizenship in 1868 was subjected to
 

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citizenship in 1868 was subjected to
such<00:10:15.600><c> an</c><00:10:15.760><c> elaborate</c><00:10:16.320><c> and</c><00:10:16.399><c> comprehensive</c>

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such an elaborate and comprehensive
 

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such an elaborate and comprehensive
system<00:10:17.920><c> of</c><00:10:18.079><c> legalized</c><00:10:18.640><c> discrimination</c><00:10:19.760><c> and</c>

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system of legalized discrimination and
 

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system of legalized discrimination and
segregation<00:10:20.800><c> there</c><00:10:20.959><c> is</c><00:10:21.120><c> a</c><00:10:21.200><c> long</c><00:10:21.519><c> history</c><00:10:22.320><c> of</c>

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segregation there is a long history of
 

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segregation there is a long history of
the<00:10:22.560><c> incorporation</c><00:10:23.279><c> of</c><00:10:23.440><c> groups</c><00:10:23.760><c> that</c>

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the incorporation of groups that
 

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the incorporation of groups that
initially<00:10:24.399><c> inspired</c><00:10:24.880><c> hostility</c><00:10:25.600><c> and</c>

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initially inspired hostility and
 

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initially inspired hostility and
discrimination

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discrimination
 

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discrimination
but<00:10:27.120><c> which</c><00:10:27.360><c> were</c><00:10:27.519><c> able</c><00:10:27.839><c> to</c><00:10:28.000><c> exploit</c><00:10:28.399><c> their</c>

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but which were able to exploit their
 

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but which were able to exploit their
putative<00:10:29.040><c> whiteness</c><00:10:29.839><c> to</c><00:10:30.000><c> gain</c><00:10:30.320><c> entry</c><00:10:30.800><c> at</c><00:10:30.880><c> the</c>

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putative whiteness to gain entry at the
 

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putative whiteness to gain entry at the
expense<00:10:31.519><c> of</c><00:10:31.600><c> the</c><00:10:31.760><c> perennial</c><00:10:32.320><c> other</c>

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expense of the perennial other
 

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expense of the perennial other
the<00:10:33.360><c> african</c><00:10:33.760><c> americans</c><00:10:34.720><c> who</c><00:10:34.959><c> remain</c><00:10:35.279><c> to</c><00:10:35.440><c> the</c>

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the african americans who remain to the
 

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the african americans who remain to the
present<00:10:35.920><c> day</c><00:10:36.640><c> the</c><00:10:36.800><c> principal</c><00:10:37.200><c> negative</c>

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present day the principal negative
 

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present day the principal negative
reference<00:10:38.079><c> group</c>

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reference group
 

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reference group
against<00:10:39.120><c> which</c><00:10:39.440><c> white</c>

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against which white
 

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against which white
or<00:10:40.480><c> non-black</c><00:10:41.040><c> america</c>

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or non-black america
 

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or non-black america
persist<00:10:42.640><c> in</c><00:10:42.720><c> defining</c><00:10:43.200><c> itself</c>

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persist in defining itself
 

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persist in defining itself
this<00:10:44.399><c> is</c><00:10:44.480><c> a</c><00:10:44.560><c> powerful</c><00:10:45.040><c> quote</c><00:10:46.240><c> and</c><00:10:46.399><c> a</c><00:10:46.480><c> sobering</c>

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this is a powerful quote and a sobering
 

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this is a powerful quote and a sobering
one

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one
 

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one
and<00:10:48.000><c> what</c><00:10:48.160><c> it</c><00:10:48.320><c> shows</c><00:10:49.120><c> is</c><00:10:49.279><c> that</c><00:10:49.440><c> while</c><00:10:49.600><c> there</c>

00:10:49.750 --> 00:10:49.760 align:start position:0%
and what it shows is that while there
 

00:10:49.760 --> 00:10:51.509 align:start position:0%
and what it shows is that while there
most<00:10:50.000><c> certainly</c><00:10:50.480><c> has</c><00:10:50.640><c> been</c><00:10:50.800><c> discrimination</c>

00:10:51.509 --> 00:10:51.519 align:start position:0%
most certainly has been discrimination
 

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most certainly has been discrimination
against<00:10:51.920><c> many</c><00:10:52.240><c> different</c><00:10:52.560><c> groups</c><00:10:52.800><c> of</c><00:10:52.959><c> people</c>

00:10:53.190 --> 00:10:53.200 align:start position:0%
against many different groups of people
 

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against many different groups of people
throughout<00:10:53.519><c> u.s</c><00:10:53.839><c> history</c>

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throughout u.s history
 

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throughout u.s history
discrimination<00:10:55.519><c> that</c><00:10:55.680><c> must</c><00:10:55.920><c> be</c><00:10:56.079><c> taken</c>

00:10:56.389 --> 00:10:56.399 align:start position:0%
discrimination that must be taken
 

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discrimination that must be taken
seriously

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seriously
 

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seriously
there<00:10:57.920><c> is</c><00:10:58.000><c> a</c><00:10:58.160><c> specific</c><00:10:58.720><c> sort</c><00:10:58.959><c> of</c>

00:10:59.110 --> 00:10:59.120 align:start position:0%
there is a specific sort of
 

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there is a specific sort of
insidiousness<00:11:00.320><c> to</c><00:11:00.480><c> the</c><00:11:00.560><c> nature</c><00:11:00.959><c> of</c>

00:11:01.110 --> 00:11:01.120 align:start position:0%
insidiousness to the nature of
 

00:11:01.120 --> 00:11:03.509 align:start position:0%
insidiousness to the nature of
anti-black<00:11:01.680><c> racism</c><00:11:02.560><c> that</c><00:11:02.800><c> is</c><00:11:02.959><c> important</c><00:11:03.360><c> for</c>

00:11:03.509 --> 00:11:03.519 align:start position:0%
anti-black racism that is important for
 

00:11:03.519 --> 00:11:05.190 align:start position:0%
anti-black racism that is important for
us<00:11:03.680><c> to</c><00:11:03.839><c> understand</c><00:11:04.399><c> if</c><00:11:04.480><c> we</c><00:11:04.640><c> are</c><00:11:04.720><c> going</c><00:11:04.959><c> to</c>

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us to understand if we are going to
 

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us to understand if we are going to
fully<00:11:05.600><c> account</c><00:11:06.399><c> for</c><00:11:06.640><c> our</c><00:11:06.720><c> history</c>

00:11:08.069 --> 00:11:08.079 align:start position:0%
fully account for our history
 

00:11:08.079 --> 00:11:09.670 align:start position:0%
fully account for our history
thanks<00:11:08.320><c> for</c><00:11:08.480><c> watching</c>

00:11:09.670 --> 00:11:09.680 align:start position:0%
thanks for watching
 

00:11:09.680 --> 00:11:11.110 align:start position:0%
thanks for watching
i'll<00:11:09.839><c> see</c><00:11:10.000><c> you</c><00:11:10.079><c> next</c><00:11:10.320><c> time</c>

00:11:11.110 --> 00:11:11.120 align:start position:0%
i'll see you next time
 

00:11:11.120 --> 00:11:12.550 align:start position:0%
i'll see you next time
crash<00:11:11.440><c> course</c><00:11:11.680><c> is</c><00:11:11.760><c> made</c><00:11:12.000><c> with</c><00:11:12.079><c> the</c><00:11:12.160><c> help</c><00:11:12.399><c> of</c>

00:11:12.550 --> 00:11:12.560 align:start position:0%
crash course is made with the help of
 

00:11:12.560 --> 00:11:14.550 align:start position:0%
crash course is made with the help of
all<00:11:12.720><c> these</c><00:11:12.880><c> nice</c><00:11:13.120><c> people</c><00:11:13.839><c> and</c><00:11:14.000><c> our</c><00:11:14.160><c> animation</c>

00:11:14.550 --> 00:11:14.560 align:start position:0%
all these nice people and our animation
 

00:11:14.560 --> 00:11:16.150 align:start position:0%
all these nice people and our animation
team<00:11:14.800><c> is</c><00:11:14.959><c> thought</c><00:11:15.200><c> cafe</c>

00:11:16.150 --> 00:11:16.160 align:start position:0%
team is thought cafe
 

00:11:16.160 --> 00:11:18.630 align:start position:0%
team is thought cafe
crash<00:11:16.480><c> course</c><00:11:17.040><c> is</c><00:11:17.120><c> a</c><00:11:17.200><c> complexity</c><00:11:17.760><c> production</c>

00:11:18.630 --> 00:11:18.640 align:start position:0%
crash course is a complexity production
 

00:11:18.640 --> 00:11:20.150 align:start position:0%
crash course is a complexity production
and<00:11:18.800><c> if</c><00:11:18.880><c> you'd</c><00:11:19.120><c> like</c><00:11:19.279><c> to</c><00:11:19.360><c> keep</c><00:11:19.600><c> crash</c><00:11:19.839><c> course</c>

00:11:20.150 --> 00:11:20.160 align:start position:0%
and if you'd like to keep crash course
 

00:11:20.160 --> 00:11:22.550 align:start position:0%
and if you'd like to keep crash course
free<00:11:20.399><c> for</c><00:11:20.560><c> everybody</c><00:11:21.440><c> forever</c><00:11:22.240><c> you</c><00:11:22.399><c> can</c>

00:11:22.550 --> 00:11:22.560 align:start position:0%
free for everybody forever you can
 

00:11:22.560 --> 00:11:24.630 align:start position:0%
free for everybody forever you can
support<00:11:22.880><c> this</c><00:11:23.040><c> series</c><00:11:23.440><c> at</c><00:11:23.519><c> patreon</c><00:11:24.480><c> a</c>

00:11:24.630 --> 00:11:24.640 align:start position:0%
support this series at patreon a
 

00:11:24.640 --> 00:11:26.710 align:start position:0%
support this series at patreon a
crowdfunding<00:11:25.200><c> platform</c><00:11:26.000><c> that</c><00:11:26.160><c> allows</c><00:11:26.480><c> you</c><00:11:26.640><c> to</c>

00:11:26.710 --> 00:11:26.720 align:start position:0%
crowdfunding platform that allows you to
 

00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:28.949 align:start position:0%
crowdfunding platform that allows you to
support<00:11:27.040><c> the</c><00:11:27.200><c> content</c><00:11:27.680><c> that</c><00:11:27.839><c> you</c><00:11:28.000><c> love</c>

00:11:28.949 --> 00:11:28.959 align:start position:0%
support the content that you love
 

00:11:28.959 --> 00:11:30.870 align:start position:0%
support the content that you love
thank<00:11:29.120><c> you</c><00:11:29.279><c> to</c><00:11:29.440><c> all</c><00:11:29.600><c> our</c><00:11:29.760><c> patrons</c><00:11:30.480><c> for</c><00:11:30.640><c> making</c>

00:11:30.870 --> 00:11:30.880 align:start position:0%
thank you to all our patrons for making
 

00:11:30.880 --> 00:11:32.630 align:start position:0%
thank you to all our patrons for making
crash<00:11:31.200><c> course</c><00:11:31.519><c> possible</c><00:11:32.399><c> with</c><00:11:32.560><c> your</c>

00:11:32.630 --> 00:11:32.640 align:start position:0%
crash course possible with your
 

00:11:32.640 --> 00:11:36.120 align:start position:0%
crash course possible with your
continued<00:11:33.120><c> support</c>