WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:01.590 align:start position:0% I'm<00:00:00.320> getting<00:00:00.480> increasingly<00:00:01.120> concerned<00:00:01.360> that 00:00:01.590 --> 00:00:01.600 align:start position:0% I'm getting increasingly concerned that 00:00:01.600 --> 00:00:03.190 align:start position:0% I'm getting increasingly concerned that mainstream<00:00:02.080> journalism<00:00:02.560> and<00:00:02.720> traditional 00:00:03.190 --> 00:00:03.200 align:start position:0% mainstream journalism and traditional 00:00:03.200 --> 00:00:05.910 align:start position:0% mainstream journalism and traditional publishing<00:00:03.600> are<00:00:03.840> punking<00:00:04.240> me.<00:00:04.880> And<00:00:05.279> not<00:00:05.520> in<00:00:05.680> a 00:00:05.910 --> 00:00:05.920 align:start position:0% publishing are punking me. And not in a 00:00:05.920 --> 00:00:07.829 align:start position:0% publishing are punking me. And not in a cute,<00:00:06.240> funny<00:00:06.560> way<00:00:06.720> like<00:00:06.960> Spaghetti<00:00:07.440> Trees<00:00:07.680> on 00:00:07.829 --> 00:00:07.839 align:start position:0% cute, funny way like Spaghetti Trees on 00:00:07.839 --> 00:00:10.790 align:start position:0% cute, funny way like Spaghetti Trees on April<00:00:08.240> Fool's<00:00:08.559> Day,<00:00:09.120> in<00:00:09.280> a<00:00:09.760> mean<00:00:10.080> way.<00:00:10.400> I<00:00:10.639> have 00:00:10.790 --> 00:00:10.800 align:start position:0% April Fool's Day, in a mean way. I have 00:00:10.800 --> 00:00:12.310 align:start position:0% April Fool's Day, in a mean way. I have recently<00:00:11.040> read<00:00:11.360> several<00:00:11.759> interviews<00:00:12.160> with 00:00:12.310 --> 00:00:12.320 align:start position:0% recently read several interviews with 00:00:12.320 --> 00:00:13.990 align:start position:0% recently read several interviews with Woody<00:00:12.639> Brown,<00:00:12.960> who<00:00:13.120> is<00:00:13.200> a<00:00:13.360> non-verbal 00:00:13.990 --> 00:00:14.000 align:start position:0% Woody Brown, who is a non-verbal 00:00:14.000 --> 00:00:16.230 align:start position:0% Woody Brown, who is a non-verbal autistic<00:00:14.559> man<00:00:14.880> who<00:00:15.120> has<00:00:15.360> published<00:00:15.679> the<00:00:15.920> book 00:00:16.230 --> 00:00:16.240 align:start position:0% autistic man who has published the book 00:00:16.240 --> 00:00:18.230 align:start position:0% autistic man who has published the book Upwardbound.<00:00:17.119> And<00:00:17.279> I<00:00:17.440> read<00:00:17.600> those<00:00:17.840> interviews 00:00:18.230 --> 00:00:18.240 align:start position:0% Upwardbound. And I read those interviews 00:00:18.240 --> 00:00:21.189 align:start position:0% Upwardbound. And I read those interviews thinking,<00:00:18.960> it<00:00:19.199> is<00:00:19.439> near<00:00:19.840> April<00:00:20.320> Fool's<00:00:20.720> Day. 00:00:21.189 --> 00:00:21.199 align:start position:0% thinking, it is near April Fool's Day. 00:00:21.199 --> 00:00:23.509 align:start position:0% thinking, it is near April Fool's Day. How<00:00:21.439> sure<00:00:21.760> am<00:00:22.000> I<00:00:22.240> that<00:00:22.480> this<00:00:22.640> isn't<00:00:22.960> just<00:00:23.199> some 00:00:23.509 --> 00:00:23.519 align:start position:0% How sure am I that this isn't just some 00:00:23.519 --> 00:00:25.830 align:start position:0% How sure am I that this isn't just some elaborate<00:00:24.160> cruel<00:00:24.560> joke<00:00:24.880> against<00:00:25.119> a<00:00:25.359> disabled 00:00:25.830 --> 00:00:25.840 align:start position:0% elaborate cruel joke against a disabled 00:00:25.840 --> 00:00:28.310 align:start position:0% elaborate cruel joke against a disabled man<00:00:26.320> perpetrated<00:00:26.880> by<00:00:27.039> these<00:00:27.359> news<00:00:27.599> outlets?<00:00:28.000> I 00:00:28.310 --> 00:00:28.320 align:start position:0% man perpetrated by these news outlets? I 00:00:28.320 --> 00:00:29.830 align:start position:0% man perpetrated by these news outlets? I don't<00:00:28.480> think<00:00:28.640> it's<00:00:28.880> an<00:00:29.039> elaborate<00:00:29.359> and<00:00:29.519> cruel 00:00:29.830 --> 00:00:29.840 align:start position:0% don't think it's an elaborate and cruel 00:00:29.840 --> 00:00:31.669 align:start position:0% don't think it's an elaborate and cruel joke<00:00:30.080> perpetrated<00:00:30.640> against<00:00:30.880> a<00:00:31.039> disabled<00:00:31.519> man 00:00:31.669 --> 00:00:31.679 align:start position:0% joke perpetrated against a disabled man 00:00:31.679 --> 00:00:33.990 align:start position:0% joke perpetrated against a disabled man by<00:00:31.920> news<00:00:32.160> outlets<00:00:32.640> because<00:00:33.120> the<00:00:33.360> news<00:00:33.600> outlets 00:00:33.990 --> 00:00:34.000 align:start position:0% by news outlets because the news outlets 00:00:34.000 --> 00:00:35.910 align:start position:0% by news outlets because the news outlets in<00:00:34.160> question<00:00:34.399> were<00:00:34.640> the<00:00:34.800> New<00:00:34.960> York<00:00:35.120> Times,<00:00:35.760> the 00:00:35.910 --> 00:00:35.920 align:start position:0% in question were the New York Times, the 00:00:35.920 --> 00:00:38.790 align:start position:0% in question were the New York Times, the Guardian<00:00:36.640> and<00:00:36.880> the<00:00:37.040> Daily<00:00:37.440> Mail.<00:00:38.160> And<00:00:38.480> I<00:00:38.719> don't 00:00:38.790 --> 00:00:38.800 align:start position:0% Guardian and the Daily Mail. And I don't 00:00:38.800 --> 00:00:40.069 align:start position:0% Guardian and the Daily Mail. And I don't know<00:00:38.879> if<00:00:39.040> you're<00:00:39.200> familiar<00:00:39.520> with<00:00:39.760> British 00:00:40.069 --> 00:00:40.079 align:start position:0% know if you're familiar with British 00:00:40.079 --> 00:00:41.510 align:start position:0% know if you're familiar with British newspapers,<00:00:40.640> but<00:00:40.800> the<00:00:40.879> Guardian<00:00:41.200> and<00:00:41.440> the 00:00:41.510 --> 00:00:41.520 align:start position:0% newspapers, but the Guardian and the 00:00:41.520 --> 00:00:44.709 align:start position:0% newspapers, but the Guardian and the Daily<00:00:41.840> Mail<00:00:42.320> are<00:00:42.879> always<00:00:43.360> on<00:00:43.680> opposite<00:00:44.079> sides 00:00:44.709 --> 00:00:44.719 align:start position:0% Daily Mail are always on opposite sides 00:00:44.719 --> 00:00:47.350 align:start position:0% Daily Mail are always on opposite sides of<00:00:45.040> any<00:00:45.600> ideological<00:00:46.399> debate.<00:00:46.800> So,<00:00:46.960> it<00:00:47.120> seems 00:00:47.350 --> 00:00:47.360 align:start position:0% of any ideological debate. So, it seems 00:00:47.360 --> 00:00:48.950 align:start position:0% of any ideological debate. So, it seems unlikely<00:00:47.760> that<00:00:47.920> they'd<00:00:48.160> both<00:00:48.320> be<00:00:48.399> in<00:00:48.559> on<00:00:48.719> it. 00:00:48.950 --> 00:00:48.960 align:start position:0% unlikely that they'd both be in on it. 00:00:48.960 --> 00:00:50.709 align:start position:0% unlikely that they'd both be in on it. But,<00:00:49.120> it's<00:00:49.280> genuinely<00:00:49.760> unsettling<00:00:50.399> to<00:00:50.559> feel 00:00:50.709 --> 00:00:50.719 align:start position:0% But, it's genuinely unsettling to feel 00:00:50.719 --> 00:00:52.470 align:start position:0% But, it's genuinely unsettling to feel like<00:00:50.879> I'm<00:00:51.039> in<00:00:51.280> some<00:00:51.440> kind<00:00:51.600> of<00:00:51.680> weird<00:00:52.079> social 00:00:52.470 --> 00:00:52.480 align:start position:0% like I'm in some kind of weird social 00:00:52.480 --> 00:00:53.590 align:start position:0% like I'm in some kind of weird social experiment<00:00:52.879> where<00:00:53.120> they're<00:00:53.280> trying<00:00:53.360> to<00:00:53.520> see 00:00:53.590 --> 00:00:53.600 align:start position:0% experiment where they're trying to see 00:00:53.600 --> 00:00:55.510 align:start position:0% experiment where they're trying to see if<00:00:53.760> we'll<00:00:54.000> believe<00:00:54.320> journalists<00:00:55.120> or<00:00:55.280> the 00:00:55.510 --> 00:00:55.520 align:start position:0% if we'll believe journalists or the 00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:57.590 align:start position:0% if we'll believe journalists or the evidence<00:00:55.840> of<00:00:56.000> our<00:00:56.239> lying<00:00:56.559> eyes.<00:00:57.120> Although<00:00:57.360> I 00:00:57.590 --> 00:00:57.600 align:start position:0% evidence of our lying eyes. Although I 00:00:57.600 --> 00:00:59.270 align:start position:0% evidence of our lying eyes. Although I did<00:00:57.680> have<00:00:57.840> to<00:00:57.920> work<00:00:58.079> a<00:00:58.320> little<00:00:58.399> bit<00:00:58.559> harder<00:00:58.960> to 00:00:59.270 --> 00:00:59.280 align:start position:0% did have to work a little bit harder to 00:00:59.280 --> 00:01:01.750 align:start position:0% did have to work a little bit harder to get<00:00:59.440> the<00:00:59.680> evidence<00:01:00.239> for<00:01:00.559> my<00:01:00.719> lying<00:01:01.120> eyes.<00:01:01.520> So 00:01:01.750 --> 00:01:01.760 align:start position:0% get the evidence for my lying eyes. So 00:01:01.760 --> 00:01:03.830 align:start position:0% get the evidence for my lying eyes. So Woody<00:01:02.079> Brown<00:01:02.320> is<00:01:02.480> a<00:01:02.640> 28-year-old<00:01:03.280> man<00:01:03.520> who<00:01:03.680> was 00:01:03.830 --> 00:01:03.840 align:start position:0% Woody Brown is a 28-year-old man who was 00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:05.429 align:start position:0% Woody Brown is a 28-year-old man who was diagnosed<00:01:04.159> with<00:01:04.400> severe<00:01:04.720> autism<00:01:05.119> as<00:01:05.280> a 00:01:05.429 --> 00:01:05.439 align:start position:0% diagnosed with severe autism as a 00:01:05.439 --> 00:01:06.870 align:start position:0% diagnosed with severe autism as a toddler.<00:01:05.920> To<00:01:06.159> quote<00:01:06.320> from<00:01:06.479> the<00:01:06.640> New<00:01:06.720> York 00:01:06.870 --> 00:01:06.880 align:start position:0% toddler. To quote from the New York 00:01:06.880 --> 00:01:08.710 align:start position:0% toddler. To quote from the New York Times<00:01:07.200> article,<00:01:07.439> "Whenever<00:01:07.920> Woody<00:01:08.240> spoke,<00:01:08.560> it 00:01:08.710 --> 00:01:08.720 align:start position:0% Times article, "Whenever Woody spoke, it 00:01:08.720 --> 00:01:11.510 align:start position:0% Times article, "Whenever Woody spoke, it sounded<00:01:09.040> like<00:01:09.200> shrieks<00:01:09.680> and<00:01:09.840> gibberish."<00:01:10.799> And 00:01:11.510 --> 00:01:11.520 align:start position:0% sounded like shrieks and gibberish." And 00:01:11.520 --> 00:01:13.190 align:start position:0% sounded like shrieks and gibberish." And doctors<00:01:11.920> concluded<00:01:12.400> he<00:01:12.560> couldn't<00:01:12.799> process 00:01:13.190 --> 00:01:13.200 align:start position:0% doctors concluded he couldn't process 00:01:13.200 --> 00:01:14.870 align:start position:0% doctors concluded he couldn't process language<00:01:13.600> and<00:01:13.840> said<00:01:14.000> it<00:01:14.240> was<00:01:14.320> pointless<00:01:14.720> to 00:01:14.870 --> 00:01:14.880 align:start position:0% language and said it was pointless to 00:01:14.880 --> 00:01:17.109 align:start position:0% language and said it was pointless to explain<00:01:15.280> things<00:01:15.439> to<00:01:15.680> him<00:01:15.920> or<00:01:16.240> talk<00:01:16.479> to<00:01:16.640> him<00:01:16.799> in 00:01:17.109 --> 00:01:17.119 align:start position:0% explain things to him or talk to him in 00:01:17.119 --> 00:01:18.789 align:start position:0% explain things to him or talk to him in complex<00:01:17.520> sentences.<00:01:18.080> I<00:01:18.320> assume<00:01:18.479> that<00:01:18.640> the 00:01:18.789 --> 00:01:18.799 align:start position:0% complex sentences. I assume that the 00:01:18.799 --> 00:01:20.469 align:start position:0% complex sentences. I assume that the understanding<00:01:19.119> of<00:01:19.280> autism<00:01:19.759> has<00:01:19.920> come 00:01:20.469 --> 00:01:20.479 align:start position:0% understanding of autism has come 00:01:20.479 --> 00:01:22.390 align:start position:0% understanding of autism has come somewhat<00:01:20.960> further<00:01:21.280> in<00:01:21.439> the<00:01:21.600> 20<00:01:21.840> years<00:01:22.080> since 00:01:22.390 --> 00:01:22.400 align:start position:0% somewhat further in the 20 years since 00:01:22.400 --> 00:01:25.350 align:start position:0% somewhat further in the 20 years since Woody<00:01:22.720> Brown<00:01:23.040> was<00:01:23.280> diagnosed<00:01:23.920> because<00:01:24.880> I 00:01:25.350 --> 00:01:25.360 align:start position:0% Woody Brown was diagnosed because I 00:01:25.360 --> 00:01:27.670 align:start position:0% Woody Brown was diagnosed because I don't<00:01:25.600> know<00:01:26.000> a<00:01:26.320> large<00:01:26.640> number<00:01:26.799> of<00:01:27.040> non-verbal 00:01:27.670 --> 00:01:27.680 align:start position:0% don't know a large number of non-verbal 00:01:27.680 --> 00:01:29.749 align:start position:0% don't know a large number of non-verbal autistic<00:01:28.159> people,<00:01:28.479> but<00:01:28.960> many<00:01:29.200> of<00:01:29.360> them<00:01:29.520> are 00:01:29.749 --> 00:01:29.759 align:start position:0% autistic people, but many of them are 00:01:29.759 --> 00:01:31.429 align:start position:0% autistic people, but many of them are perfectly<00:01:30.159> capable<00:01:30.560> of<00:01:30.799> understanding 00:01:31.429 --> 00:01:31.439 align:start position:0% perfectly capable of understanding 00:01:31.439 --> 00:01:33.270 align:start position:0% perfectly capable of understanding language<00:01:31.920> even<00:01:32.159> if<00:01:32.320> they<00:01:32.560> don't<00:01:32.799> speak.<00:01:33.119> And 00:01:33.270 --> 00:01:33.280 align:start position:0% language even if they don't speak. And 00:01:33.280 --> 00:01:35.030 align:start position:0% language even if they don't speak. And it<00:01:33.439> does<00:01:33.600> seem<00:01:33.840> in<00:01:34.000> fact<00:01:34.159> that<00:01:34.400> Woody<00:01:34.799> can 00:01:35.030 --> 00:01:35.040 align:start position:0% it does seem in fact that Woody can 00:01:35.040 --> 00:01:37.190 align:start position:0% it does seem in fact that Woody can process<00:01:35.439> language<00:01:35.840> to<00:01:36.079> some<00:01:36.320> degree.<00:01:36.720> To<00:01:36.960> what 00:01:37.190 --> 00:01:37.200 align:start position:0% process language to some degree. To what 00:01:37.200 --> 00:01:39.510 align:start position:0% process language to some degree. To what degree<00:01:38.079> is<00:01:38.320> the<00:01:38.560> question<00:01:38.799> in<00:01:39.119> play<00:01:39.280> here? 00:01:39.510 --> 00:01:39.520 align:start position:0% degree is the question in play here? 00:01:39.520 --> 00:01:41.510 align:start position:0% degree is the question in play here? because<00:01:39.840> he<00:01:40.079> can<00:01:40.320> speak<00:01:40.720> at<00:01:40.799> least<00:01:41.119> a<00:01:41.360> little 00:01:41.510 --> 00:01:41.520 align:start position:0% because he can speak at least a little 00:01:41.520 --> 00:01:44.469 align:start position:0% because he can speak at least a little bit<00:01:41.840> but<00:01:42.320> mostly<00:01:42.720> when<00:01:43.040> he<00:01:43.200> speaks<00:01:43.680> it's 00:01:44.469 --> 00:01:44.479 align:start position:0% bit but mostly when he speaks it's 00:01:44.479 --> 00:01:47.990 align:start position:0% bit but mostly when he speaks it's quotes<00:01:44.960> from<00:01:45.360> TV<00:01:45.759> shows<00:01:46.479> which<00:01:47.040> I<00:01:47.360> believe<00:01:47.680> is 00:01:47.990 --> 00:01:48.000 align:start position:0% quotes from TV shows which I believe is 00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:51.030 align:start position:0% quotes from TV shows which I believe is called<00:01:48.799> scripting<00:01:49.680> but<00:01:49.920> I<00:01:50.159> am<00:01:50.320> not<00:01:50.479> autistic 00:01:51.030 --> 00:01:51.040 align:start position:0% called scripting but I am not autistic 00:01:51.040 --> 00:01:52.630 align:start position:0% called scripting but I am not autistic and<00:01:51.200> I'm<00:01:51.439> not<00:01:51.600> particularly<00:01:52.159> familiar<00:01:52.479> with 00:01:52.630 --> 00:01:52.640 align:start position:0% and I'm not particularly familiar with 00:01:52.640 --> 00:01:54.469 align:start position:0% and I'm not particularly familiar with the<00:01:52.799> term<00:01:53.119> so<00:01:53.280> if<00:01:53.439> I'm<00:01:53.600> wrong<00:01:53.840> do<00:01:54.079> let<00:01:54.159> me<00:01:54.240> know 00:01:54.469 --> 00:01:54.479 align:start position:0% the term so if I'm wrong do let me know 00:01:54.479 --> 00:01:55.990 align:start position:0% the term so if I'm wrong do let me know to<00:01:54.640> go<00:01:54.720> back<00:01:54.799> to<00:01:54.960> the<00:01:55.040> New<00:01:55.200> York<00:01:55.360> Times<00:01:55.600> article 00:01:55.990 --> 00:01:56.000 align:start position:0% to go back to the New York Times article 00:01:56.000 --> 00:01:57.590 align:start position:0% to go back to the New York Times article Mary<00:01:56.320> came<00:01:56.479> to<00:01:56.640> realize<00:01:56.960> that<00:01:57.119> her<00:01:57.360> son 00:01:57.590 --> 00:01:57.600 align:start position:0% Mary came to realize that her son 00:01:57.600 --> 00:01:59.590 align:start position:0% Mary came to realize that her son understood<00:01:58.079> more<00:01:58.320> than<00:01:58.479> he<00:01:58.719> appeared<00:01:58.960> to<00:01:59.439> he 00:01:59.590 --> 00:01:59.600 align:start position:0% understood more than he appeared to he 00:01:59.600 --> 00:02:01.350 align:start position:0% understood more than he appeared to he would<00:01:59.759> become<00:02:00.000> hysterical<00:02:00.479> if<00:02:00.719> they<00:02:00.880> deviated 00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:01.360 align:start position:0% would become hysterical if they deviated 00:02:01.360 --> 00:02:03.030 align:start position:0% would become hysterical if they deviated from<00:02:01.520> their<00:02:01.680> daily<00:02:02.000> routine<00:02:02.560> but<00:02:02.719> if<00:02:02.880> she 00:02:03.030 --> 00:02:03.040 align:start position:0% from their daily routine but if she 00:02:03.040 --> 00:02:04.870 align:start position:0% from their daily routine but if she explained<00:02:03.520> why<00:02:03.680> they<00:02:03.920> had<00:02:04.079> to<00:02:04.159> stop<00:02:04.399> at<00:02:04.560> Target 00:02:04.870 --> 00:02:04.880 align:start position:0% explained why they had to stop at Target 00:02:04.880 --> 00:02:06.630 align:start position:0% explained why they had to stop at Target before<00:02:05.200> getting<00:02:05.439> lunch<00:02:05.600> at<00:02:05.840> McDonald's<00:02:06.399> he 00:02:06.630 --> 00:02:06.640 align:start position:0% before getting lunch at McDonald's he 00:02:06.640 --> 00:02:08.150 align:start position:0% before getting lunch at McDonald's he would<00:02:06.719> calmly<00:02:07.119> follow<00:02:07.360> her<00:02:07.520> into<00:02:07.759> the<00:02:07.920> store 00:02:08.150 --> 00:02:08.160 align:start position:0% would calmly follow her into the store 00:02:08.160 --> 00:02:09.910 align:start position:0% would calmly follow her into the store which<00:02:08.399> does<00:02:08.560> seem<00:02:08.720> to<00:02:08.800> back<00:02:09.039> up<00:02:09.280> Mary<00:02:09.520> Bryan's 00:02:09.910 --> 00:02:09.920 align:start position:0% which does seem to back up Mary Bryan's 00:02:09.920 --> 00:02:11.750 align:start position:0% which does seem to back up Mary Bryan's claim<00:02:10.160> that<00:02:10.560> even<00:02:10.800> though<00:02:10.959> Woody<00:02:11.360> can't 00:02:11.750 --> 00:02:11.760 align:start position:0% claim that even though Woody can't 00:02:11.760 --> 00:02:13.589 align:start position:0% claim that even though Woody can't speak,<00:02:12.239> even<00:02:12.400> though<00:02:12.480> he's<00:02:12.720> non-verbal,<00:02:13.520> at 00:02:13.589 --> 00:02:13.599 align:start position:0% speak, even though he's non-verbal, at 00:02:13.599 --> 00:02:16.390 align:start position:0% speak, even though he's non-verbal, at least<00:02:13.840> at<00:02:14.080> this<00:02:14.239> stage,<00:02:14.879> he<00:02:15.200> can<00:02:15.760> understand 00:02:16.390 --> 00:02:16.400 align:start position:0% least at this stage, he can understand 00:02:16.400 --> 00:02:18.470 align:start position:0% least at this stage, he can understand language.<00:02:17.360> So,<00:02:17.520> here's<00:02:17.760> our<00:02:17.920> last<00:02:18.160> New<00:02:18.319> York 00:02:18.470 --> 00:02:18.480 align:start position:0% language. So, here's our last New York 00:02:18.480 --> 00:02:19.910 align:start position:0% language. So, here's our last New York Times<00:02:18.800> quote<00:02:18.959> for<00:02:19.120> a<00:02:19.200> bit.<00:02:19.440> And<00:02:19.520> this<00:02:19.680> is<00:02:19.760> where 00:02:19.910 --> 00:02:19.920 align:start position:0% Times quote for a bit. And this is where 00:02:19.920 --> 00:02:22.150 align:start position:0% Times quote for a bit. And this is where it<00:02:20.080> starts<00:02:20.319> to<00:02:20.560> get 00:02:22.150 --> 00:02:22.160 align:start position:0% it starts to get 00:02:22.160 --> 00:02:24.309 align:start position:0% it starts to get interesting.<00:02:22.800> At<00:02:23.120> 5,<00:02:23.520> Woody<00:02:23.840> learned<00:02:24.080> to 00:02:24.309 --> 00:02:24.319 align:start position:0% interesting. At 5, Woody learned to 00:02:24.319 --> 00:02:25.990 align:start position:0% interesting. At 5, Woody learned to communicate<00:02:24.720> by<00:02:24.959> pointing<00:02:25.200> at<00:02:25.440> letters<00:02:25.760> to 00:02:25.990 --> 00:02:26.000 align:start position:0% communicate by pointing at letters to 00:02:26.000 --> 00:02:28.550 align:start position:0% communicate by pointing at letters to spell<00:02:26.239> out<00:02:26.480> words<00:02:26.959> using<00:02:27.200> a<00:02:27.360> laminated<00:02:27.920> card. 00:02:28.550 --> 00:02:28.560 align:start position:0% spell out words using a laminated card. 00:02:28.560 --> 00:02:30.710 align:start position:0% spell out words using a laminated card. He<00:02:28.800> began<00:02:29.120> responding<00:02:29.520> to<00:02:29.680> Mary's<00:02:30.160> questions, 00:02:30.710 --> 00:02:30.720 align:start position:0% He began responding to Mary's questions, 00:02:30.720 --> 00:02:32.630 align:start position:0% He began responding to Mary's questions, first<00:02:30.959> with<00:02:31.200> single<00:02:31.440> word<00:02:31.760> answers<00:02:32.160> and<00:02:32.400> later 00:02:32.630 --> 00:02:32.640 align:start position:0% first with single word answers and later 00:02:32.640 --> 00:02:34.550 align:start position:0% first with single word answers and later with<00:02:32.879> short<00:02:33.120> sentences.<00:02:33.840> That's<00:02:34.080> how<00:02:34.239> mom 00:02:34.550 --> 00:02:34.560 align:start position:0% with short sentences. That's how mom 00:02:34.560 --> 00:02:35.750 align:start position:0% with short sentences. That's how mom figured<00:02:34.800> out<00:02:34.879> that<00:02:35.040> I<00:02:35.200> was<00:02:35.360> listening<00:02:35.599> to 00:02:35.750 --> 00:02:35.760 align:start position:0% figured out that I was listening to 00:02:35.760 --> 00:02:37.589 align:start position:0% figured out that I was listening to everything.<00:02:36.319> Woody<00:02:36.720> told<00:02:36.879> me<00:02:37.040> when<00:02:37.200> we<00:02:37.280> met<00:02:37.519> on 00:02:37.589 --> 00:02:37.599 align:start position:0% everything. Woody told me when we met on 00:02:37.599 --> 00:02:39.190 align:start position:0% everything. Woody told me when we met on a<00:02:37.760> recent<00:02:38.000> morning<00:02:38.239> at<00:02:38.480> his<00:02:38.640> parents'<00:02:38.879> home<00:02:39.040> in 00:02:39.190 --> 00:02:39.200 align:start position:0% a recent morning at his parents' home in 00:02:39.200 --> 00:02:41.509 align:start position:0% a recent morning at his parents' home in Monrovia,<00:02:39.920> California,<00:02:40.400> where<00:02:40.560> he<00:02:40.720> lives.<00:02:41.280> To 00:02:41.509 --> 00:02:41.519 align:start position:0% Monrovia, California, where he lives. To 00:02:41.519 --> 00:02:43.430 align:start position:0% Monrovia, California, where he lives. To express<00:02:41.840> this,<00:02:42.239> Woody<00:02:42.560> tapped<00:02:42.879> letters<00:02:43.120> on<00:02:43.280> a 00:02:43.430 --> 00:02:43.440 align:start position:0% express this, Woody tapped letters on a 00:02:43.440 --> 00:02:45.350 align:start position:0% express this, Woody tapped letters on a board<00:02:43.599> with<00:02:43.840> his<00:02:44.000> right<00:02:44.160> index<00:02:44.560> finger,<00:02:45.040> while 00:02:45.350 --> 00:02:45.360 align:start position:0% board with his right index finger, while 00:02:45.360 --> 00:02:47.190 align:start position:0% board with his right index finger, while Mary,<00:02:45.760> who<00:02:46.000> was<00:02:46.080> seated<00:02:46.400> next<00:02:46.560> to<00:02:46.720> him<00:02:46.879> on<00:02:47.040> the 00:02:47.190 --> 00:02:47.200 align:start position:0% Mary, who was seated next to him on the 00:02:47.200 --> 00:02:48.949 align:start position:0% Mary, who was seated next to him on the couch,<00:02:47.680> followed<00:02:48.000> his<00:02:48.160> fingertaps<00:02:48.800> and 00:02:48.949 --> 00:02:48.959 align:start position:0% couch, followed his fingertaps and 00:02:48.959 --> 00:02:50.630 align:start position:0% couch, followed his fingertaps and repeated<00:02:49.280> the<00:02:49.440> words<00:02:49.599> aloud.<00:02:50.000> Let<00:02:50.160> us<00:02:50.319> put<00:02:50.480> to 00:02:50.630 --> 00:02:50.640 align:start position:0% repeated the words aloud. Let us put to 00:02:50.640 --> 00:02:52.630 align:start position:0% repeated the words aloud. Let us put to one<00:02:50.800> side<00:02:50.959> for<00:02:51.120> now<00:02:51.280> the<00:02:51.599> spelling<00:02:52.080> and 00:02:52.630 --> 00:02:52.640 align:start position:0% one side for now the spelling and 00:02:52.640 --> 00:02:54.710 align:start position:0% one side for now the spelling and reading<00:02:52.959> abilities<00:02:53.440> of<00:02:53.920> 5-year-olds. 00:02:54.710 --> 00:02:54.720 align:start position:0% reading abilities of 5-year-olds. 00:02:54.720 --> 00:02:57.030 align:start position:0% reading abilities of 5-year-olds. Because<00:02:55.680> spoken<00:02:56.080> language<00:02:56.560> is<00:02:56.800> something 00:02:57.030 --> 00:02:57.040 align:start position:0% Because spoken language is something 00:02:57.040 --> 00:02:58.869 align:start position:0% Because spoken language is something that<00:02:57.280> humans<00:02:57.599> are<00:02:57.760> wired<00:02:58.080> for,<00:02:58.319> but<00:02:58.640> reading 00:02:58.869 --> 00:02:58.879 align:start position:0% that humans are wired for, but reading 00:02:58.879 --> 00:03:00.949 align:start position:0% that humans are wired for, but reading and<00:02:59.120> writing<00:02:59.519> are<00:02:59.840> not.<00:03:00.239> They<00:03:00.480> are<00:03:00.640> skills 00:03:00.949 --> 00:03:00.959 align:start position:0% and writing are not. They are skills 00:03:00.959 --> 00:03:03.430 align:start position:0% and writing are not. They are skills that<00:03:01.200> you<00:03:01.440> have<00:03:01.599> to<00:03:01.840> learn<00:03:02.239> and<00:03:02.480> they're<00:03:03.120> they 00:03:03.430 --> 00:03:03.440 align:start position:0% that you have to learn and they're they 00:03:03.440 --> 00:03:04.869 align:start position:0% that you have to learn and they're they can<00:03:03.599> be<00:03:03.680> quite<00:03:03.920> challenging.<00:03:04.400> Anyway,<00:03:04.640> the 00:03:04.869 --> 00:03:04.879 align:start position:0% can be quite challenging. Anyway, the 00:03:04.879 --> 00:03:06.229 align:start position:0% can be quite challenging. Anyway, the articles<00:03:05.200> followed<00:03:05.519> the<00:03:05.680> same<00:03:05.840> general 00:03:06.229 --> 00:03:06.239 align:start position:0% articles followed the same general 00:03:06.239 --> 00:03:07.910 align:start position:0% articles followed the same general pattern.<00:03:06.720> Woody<00:03:07.200> was<00:03:07.360> diagnosed<00:03:07.760> with 00:03:07.910 --> 00:03:07.920 align:start position:0% pattern. Woody was diagnosed with 00:03:07.920 --> 00:03:10.470 align:start position:0% pattern. Woody was diagnosed with autism.<00:03:08.480> He<00:03:08.720> couldn't<00:03:08.959> speak<00:03:09.519> or<00:03:09.920> communicate 00:03:10.470 --> 00:03:10.480 align:start position:0% autism. He couldn't speak or communicate 00:03:10.480 --> 00:03:12.710 align:start position:0% autism. He couldn't speak or communicate and<00:03:10.720> so<00:03:10.959> everyone<00:03:11.360> assumed<00:03:11.760> that<00:03:12.080> he<00:03:12.400> couldn't 00:03:12.710 --> 00:03:12.720 align:start position:0% and so everyone assumed that he couldn't 00:03:12.720 --> 00:03:14.390 align:start position:0% and so everyone assumed that he couldn't understand<00:03:13.280> either,<00:03:13.599> but<00:03:13.840> his<00:03:14.080> mother 00:03:14.390 --> 00:03:14.400 align:start position:0% understand either, but his mother 00:03:14.400 --> 00:03:16.390 align:start position:0% understand either, but his mother believed<00:03:14.720> in<00:03:14.879> him<00:03:15.280> and<00:03:15.519> they<00:03:15.760> found<00:03:15.920> a<00:03:16.159> way 00:03:16.390 --> 00:03:16.400 align:start position:0% believed in him and they found a way 00:03:16.400 --> 00:03:18.229 align:start position:0% believed in him and they found a way that<00:03:16.640> he<00:03:16.800> could<00:03:16.959> communicate.<00:03:17.680> And<00:03:17.840> it<00:03:18.080> turns 00:03:18.229 --> 00:03:18.239 align:start position:0% that he could communicate. And it turns 00:03:18.239 --> 00:03:20.470 align:start position:0% that he could communicate. And it turns out<00:03:18.400> that<00:03:18.720> he's<00:03:18.879> a<00:03:19.040> great<00:03:19.280> communicator<00:03:20.000> and<00:03:20.239> a 00:03:20.470 --> 00:03:20.480 align:start position:0% out that he's a great communicator and a 00:03:20.480 --> 00:03:22.309 align:start position:0% out that he's a great communicator and a great<00:03:20.640> writer.<00:03:21.040> Woody<00:03:21.360> has<00:03:21.599> in<00:03:21.680> fact<00:03:21.840> achieved 00:03:22.309 --> 00:03:22.319 align:start position:0% great writer. Woody has in fact achieved 00:03:22.319 --> 00:03:24.869 align:start position:0% great writer. Woody has in fact achieved two<00:03:22.640> degrees,<00:03:23.040> an<00:03:23.280> English<00:03:23.519> degree<00:03:23.840> from<00:03:24.159> UCLA 00:03:24.869 --> 00:03:24.879 align:start position:0% two degrees, an English degree from UCLA 00:03:24.879 --> 00:03:26.869 align:start position:0% two degrees, an English degree from UCLA and<00:03:25.040> a<00:03:25.280> master's<00:03:25.680> in<00:03:25.840> creative<00:03:26.239> writing<00:03:26.560> from 00:03:26.869 --> 00:03:26.879 align:start position:0% and a master's in creative writing from 00:03:26.879 --> 00:03:29.110 align:start position:0% and a master's in creative writing from Columbia<00:03:27.440> University.<00:03:28.000> He<00:03:28.239> has<00:03:28.400> also,<00:03:28.720> as<00:03:28.959> I 00:03:29.110 --> 00:03:29.120 align:start position:0% Columbia University. He has also, as I 00:03:29.120 --> 00:03:30.390 align:start position:0% Columbia University. He has also, as I mentioned<00:03:29.360> at<00:03:29.519> the<00:03:29.680> beginning,<00:03:30.000> written<00:03:30.159> a 00:03:30.390 --> 00:03:30.400 align:start position:0% mentioned at the beginning, written a 00:03:30.400 --> 00:03:32.550 align:start position:0% mentioned at the beginning, written a novel<00:03:30.640> called<00:03:30.879> Upwardbound.<00:03:31.920> And<00:03:32.239> all<00:03:32.480> of 00:03:32.550 --> 00:03:32.560 align:start position:0% novel called Upwardbound. And all of 00:03:32.560 --> 00:03:34.390 align:start position:0% novel called Upwardbound. And all of these<00:03:32.959> were<00:03:33.200> with<00:03:33.360> the<00:03:33.599> help<00:03:33.760> of<00:03:33.920> his<00:03:34.080> mother 00:03:34.390 --> 00:03:34.400 align:start position:0% these were with the help of his mother 00:03:34.400 --> 00:03:35.990 align:start position:0% these were with the help of his mother Mary.<00:03:34.799> And<00:03:34.959> this<00:03:35.120> is<00:03:35.200> the<00:03:35.360> part<00:03:35.519> where<00:03:35.760> things 00:03:35.990 --> 00:03:36.000 align:start position:0% Mary. And this is the part where things 00:03:36.000 --> 00:03:38.470 align:start position:0% Mary. And this is the part where things start<00:03:36.239> to<00:03:36.400> get<00:03:37.120> very<00:03:37.519> uncomfortable<00:03:38.159> because 00:03:38.470 --> 00:03:38.480 align:start position:0% start to get very uncomfortable because 00:03:38.480 --> 00:03:40.630 align:start position:0% start to get very uncomfortable because any<00:03:38.799> form<00:03:39.040> of<00:03:39.200> communication<00:03:40.080> where<00:03:40.400> a 00:03:40.630 --> 00:03:40.640 align:start position:0% any form of communication where a 00:03:40.640 --> 00:03:43.270 align:start position:0% any form of communication where a facilitator<00:03:41.360> has<00:03:41.599> to<00:03:41.920> interpret<00:03:42.640> the<00:03:42.959> results 00:03:43.270 --> 00:03:43.280 align:start position:0% facilitator has to interpret the results 00:03:43.280 --> 00:03:46.149 align:start position:0% facilitator has to interpret the results of<00:03:43.519> said<00:03:43.840> communication<00:03:44.720> is<00:03:45.200> subject<00:03:45.760> to 00:03:46.149 --> 00:03:46.159 align:start position:0% of said communication is subject to 00:03:46.159 --> 00:03:48.710 align:start position:0% of said communication is subject to wishful<00:03:46.640> thinking<00:03:47.200> and<00:03:47.519> also<00:03:47.760> to<00:03:48.000> bias.<00:03:48.480> And 00:03:48.710 --> 00:03:48.720 align:start position:0% wishful thinking and also to bias. And 00:03:48.720 --> 00:03:50.390 align:start position:0% wishful thinking and also to bias. And specifically<00:03:49.200> in<00:03:49.440> the<00:03:49.599> case<00:03:49.680> of<00:03:50.000> someone 00:03:50.390 --> 00:03:50.400 align:start position:0% specifically in the case of someone 00:03:50.400 --> 00:03:53.190 align:start position:0% specifically in the case of someone typing<00:03:50.799> on<00:03:50.959> a<00:03:51.200> board,<00:03:51.760> if<00:03:52.000> a<00:03:52.319> facilitator<00:03:52.959> has 00:03:53.190 --> 00:03:53.200 align:start position:0% typing on a board, if a facilitator has 00:03:53.200 --> 00:03:55.190 align:start position:0% typing on a board, if a facilitator has to<00:03:53.360> hold<00:03:53.599> the<00:03:53.840> board,<00:03:54.159> then<00:03:54.400> the<00:03:54.560> facilitator 00:03:55.190 --> 00:03:55.200 align:start position:0% to hold the board, then the facilitator 00:03:55.200 --> 00:03:56.789 align:start position:0% to hold the board, then the facilitator is<00:03:55.360> almost<00:03:55.680> certainly<00:03:56.080> going<00:03:56.239> to<00:03:56.400> be<00:03:56.560> subject 00:03:56.789 --> 00:03:56.799 align:start position:0% is almost certainly going to be subject 00:03:56.799 --> 00:03:59.030 align:start position:0% is almost certainly going to be subject to<00:03:57.120> what's<00:03:57.360> called<00:03:57.519> the<00:03:57.840> idiom<00:03:58.159> motor<00:03:58.400> or<00:03:58.560> idea 00:03:59.030 --> 00:03:59.040 align:start position:0% to what's called the idiom motor or idea 00:03:59.040 --> 00:04:01.990 align:start position:0% to what's called the idiom motor or idea motor<00:03:59.280> effect.<00:03:59.680> The<00:03:59.920> idiom<00:04:00.239> motor<00:04:00.560> effect<00:04:00.959> is 00:04:01.990 --> 00:04:02.000 align:start position:0% motor effect. The idiom motor effect is 00:04:02.000 --> 00:04:04.149 align:start position:0% motor effect. The idiom motor effect is unconscious<00:04:02.720> involuntary<00:04:03.439> muscle<00:04:03.760> movements 00:04:04.149 --> 00:04:04.159 align:start position:0% unconscious involuntary muscle movements 00:04:04.159 --> 00:04:06.070 align:start position:0% unconscious involuntary muscle movements which<00:04:04.400> are<00:04:04.560> triggered<00:04:05.040> without<00:04:05.439> you<00:04:05.760> knowing 00:04:06.070 --> 00:04:06.080 align:start position:0% which are triggered without you knowing 00:04:06.080 --> 00:04:07.750 align:start position:0% which are triggered without you knowing about<00:04:06.319> them<00:04:06.560> or<00:04:06.879> thinking<00:04:07.200> that<00:04:07.439> you're<00:04:07.599> doing 00:04:07.750 --> 00:04:07.760 align:start position:0% about them or thinking that you're doing 00:04:07.760 --> 00:04:09.350 align:start position:0% about them or thinking that you're doing them.<00:04:08.080> The<00:04:08.239> most<00:04:08.400> obvious<00:04:08.720> example<00:04:08.959> of<00:04:09.120> the 00:04:09.350 --> 00:04:09.360 align:start position:0% them. The most obvious example of the 00:04:09.360 --> 00:04:12.149 align:start position:0% them. The most obvious example of the idiomoter<00:04:09.920> effect<00:04:10.159> is<00:04:10.640> Ouija<00:04:11.040> boards<00:04:11.599> or 00:04:12.149 --> 00:04:12.159 align:start position:0% idiomoter effect is Ouija boards or 00:04:12.159 --> 00:04:14.149 align:start position:0% idiomoter effect is Ouija boards or dicousing<00:04:12.640> rods.<00:04:13.120> the<00:04:13.360> person<00:04:13.519> makes<00:04:13.760> a<00:04:14.000> very 00:04:14.149 --> 00:04:14.159 align:start position:0% dicousing rods. the person makes a very 00:04:14.159 --> 00:04:17.110 align:start position:0% dicousing rods. the person makes a very tiny<00:04:14.640> involuntary<00:04:15.439> unconscious<00:04:16.560> muscular 00:04:17.110 --> 00:04:17.120 align:start position:0% tiny involuntary unconscious muscular 00:04:17.120 --> 00:04:19.909 align:start position:0% tiny involuntary unconscious muscular contraction<00:04:18.160> and<00:04:18.799> because<00:04:19.040> there<00:04:19.280> is<00:04:19.359> a<00:04:19.519> lever 00:04:19.909 --> 00:04:19.919 align:start position:0% contraction and because there is a lever 00:04:19.919 --> 00:04:21.430 align:start position:0% contraction and because there is a lever because<00:04:20.079> you're<00:04:20.239> holding<00:04:20.479> a<00:04:20.639> long<00:04:20.880> stick<00:04:21.280> it 00:04:21.430 --> 00:04:21.440 align:start position:0% because you're holding a long stick it 00:04:21.440 --> 00:04:22.870 align:start position:0% because you're holding a long stick it goes<00:04:21.600> much<00:04:21.840> more<00:04:22.000> significantly<00:04:22.479> in<00:04:22.720> one 00:04:22.870 --> 00:04:22.880 align:start position:0% goes much more significantly in one 00:04:22.880 --> 00:04:24.150 align:start position:0% goes much more significantly in one direction<00:04:23.120> or<00:04:23.360> the<00:04:23.520> other<00:04:23.680> but<00:04:23.840> you<00:04:24.080> don't 00:04:24.150 --> 00:04:24.160 align:start position:0% direction or the other but you don't 00:04:24.160 --> 00:04:25.670 align:start position:0% direction or the other but you don't realize<00:04:24.479> that<00:04:24.720> you<00:04:24.880> have<00:04:24.960> made<00:04:25.199> this<00:04:25.360> tiny 00:04:25.670 --> 00:04:25.680 align:start position:0% realize that you have made this tiny 00:04:25.680 --> 00:04:27.350 align:start position:0% realize that you have made this tiny unconscious<00:04:26.240> movement<00:04:26.639> and<00:04:26.880> so<00:04:27.040> you<00:04:27.199> think 00:04:27.350 --> 00:04:27.360 align:start position:0% unconscious movement and so you think 00:04:27.360 --> 00:04:29.350 align:start position:0% unconscious movement and so you think that<00:04:27.600> an<00:04:27.840> external<00:04:28.240> force<00:04:28.560> is<00:04:28.720> guiding<00:04:28.960> you<00:04:29.199> so 00:04:29.350 --> 00:04:29.360 align:start position:0% that an external force is guiding you so 00:04:29.360 --> 00:04:31.270 align:start position:0% that an external force is guiding you so for<00:04:29.520> this<00:04:29.680> reason<00:04:30.000> neither<00:04:30.479> rapid<00:04:30.880> prompting 00:04:31.270 --> 00:04:31.280 align:start position:0% for this reason neither rapid prompting 00:04:31.280 --> 00:04:32.950 align:start position:0% for this reason neither rapid prompting method<00:04:31.600> which<00:04:31.759> is<00:04:31.919> holding<00:04:32.160> up<00:04:32.320> the<00:04:32.479> board<00:04:32.639> and 00:04:32.950 --> 00:04:32.960 align:start position:0% method which is holding up the board and 00:04:32.960 --> 00:04:35.749 align:start position:0% method which is holding up the board and the<00:04:33.280> person<00:04:33.520> types<00:04:33.840> on<00:04:34.000> it<00:04:34.639> or<00:04:35.120> spelling<00:04:35.520> to 00:04:35.749 --> 00:04:35.759 align:start position:0% the person types on it or spelling to 00:04:35.759 --> 00:04:37.830 align:start position:0% the person types on it or spelling to communicate<00:04:36.240> which<00:04:36.479> is<00:04:36.880> a<00:04:37.120> similar<00:04:37.440> thing 00:04:37.830 --> 00:04:37.840 align:start position:0% communicate which is a similar thing 00:04:37.840 --> 00:04:39.830 align:start position:0% communicate which is a similar thing they're<00:04:38.080> not<00:04:38.240> recommended<00:04:38.880> by<00:04:39.120> ASHa<00:04:39.600> which<00:04:39.759> is 00:04:39.830 --> 00:04:39.840 align:start position:0% they're not recommended by ASHa which is 00:04:39.840 --> 00:04:41.350 align:start position:0% they're not recommended by ASHa which is the<00:04:40.000> American<00:04:40.400> Speech<00:04:40.639> Language<00:04:41.040> Hearing 00:04:41.350 --> 00:04:41.360 align:start position:0% the American Speech Language Hearing 00:04:41.360 --> 00:04:43.749 align:start position:0% the American Speech Language Hearing Association<00:04:42.240> or<00:04:42.560> by<00:04:42.800> the<00:04:43.040> National<00:04:43.360> Council 00:04:43.749 --> 00:04:43.759 align:start position:0% Association or by the National Council 00:04:43.759 --> 00:04:46.790 align:start position:0% Association or by the National Council on<00:04:44.080> Severe<00:04:44.400> Autism<00:04:45.120> or<00:04:45.520> by<00:04:45.919> various<00:04:46.400> other 00:04:46.790 --> 00:04:46.800 align:start position:0% on Severe Autism or by various other 00:04:46.800 --> 00:04:48.710 align:start position:0% on Severe Autism or by various other bodies.<00:04:47.360> Actually,<00:04:47.840> they<00:04:48.080> they<00:04:48.240> consider<00:04:48.560> the 00:04:48.710 --> 00:04:48.720 align:start position:0% bodies. Actually, they they consider the 00:04:48.720 --> 00:04:50.469 align:start position:0% bodies. Actually, they they consider the rapid<00:04:48.960> prompting<00:04:49.360> method<00:04:49.600> and<00:04:49.840> spelling<00:04:50.240> to 00:04:50.469 --> 00:04:50.479 align:start position:0% rapid prompting method and spelling to 00:04:50.479 --> 00:04:53.030 align:start position:0% rapid prompting method and spelling to communicate<00:04:51.199> new<00:04:51.520> methods<00:04:51.840> of<00:04:52.240> facilitated 00:04:53.030 --> 00:04:53.040 align:start position:0% communicate new methods of facilitated 00:04:53.040 --> 00:04:55.590 align:start position:0% communicate new methods of facilitated communication,<00:04:54.000> which<00:04:54.880> they<00:04:55.199> don't<00:04:55.360> believe 00:04:55.590 --> 00:04:55.600 align:start position:0% communication, which they don't believe 00:04:55.600 --> 00:04:57.110 align:start position:0% communication, which they don't believe has<00:04:55.759> any<00:04:56.000> scientific<00:04:56.400> validity.<00:04:56.960> When 00:04:57.110 --> 00:04:57.120 align:start position:0% has any scientific validity. When 00:04:57.120 --> 00:04:58.469 align:start position:0% has any scientific validity. When studies<00:04:57.360> were<00:04:57.520> done<00:04:57.680> on<00:04:57.840> facilitated 00:04:58.469 --> 00:04:58.479 align:start position:0% studies were done on facilitated 00:04:58.479 --> 00:04:59.909 align:start position:0% studies were done on facilitated communication<00:04:58.960> in<00:04:59.199> the<00:04:59.280> '90s,<00:04:59.759> they 00:04:59.909 --> 00:04:59.919 align:start position:0% communication in the '90s, they 00:04:59.919 --> 00:05:01.030 align:start position:0% communication in the '90s, they basically<00:05:00.240> concluded<00:05:00.639> that<00:05:00.800> with 00:05:01.030 --> 00:05:01.040 align:start position:0% basically concluded that with 00:05:01.040 --> 00:05:03.270 align:start position:0% basically concluded that with facilitated<00:05:01.680> communication,<00:05:02.639> you<00:05:02.960> might<00:05:03.120> be 00:05:03.270 --> 00:05:03.280 align:start position:0% facilitated communication, you might be 00:05:03.280 --> 00:05:05.189 align:start position:0% facilitated communication, you might be able<00:05:03.360> to<00:05:03.520> get<00:05:03.759> communication,<00:05:04.479> but<00:05:04.880> it's 00:05:05.189 --> 00:05:05.199 align:start position:0% able to get communication, but it's 00:05:05.199 --> 00:05:07.110 align:start position:0% able to get communication, but it's almost<00:05:05.520> certainly<00:05:05.919> not<00:05:06.160> what<00:05:06.400> the<00:05:06.639> disabled 00:05:07.110 --> 00:05:07.120 align:start position:0% almost certainly not what the disabled 00:05:07.120 --> 00:05:09.350 align:start position:0% almost certainly not what the disabled person<00:05:07.759> might<00:05:08.080> actually<00:05:08.479> be<00:05:08.639> trying<00:05:08.880> to<00:05:09.039> say. 00:05:09.350 --> 00:05:09.360 align:start position:0% person might actually be trying to say. 00:05:09.360 --> 00:05:10.710 align:start position:0% person might actually be trying to say. It's<00:05:09.600> important<00:05:09.840> to<00:05:10.000> mention<00:05:10.240> at<00:05:10.479> this<00:05:10.560> point 00:05:10.710 --> 00:05:10.720 align:start position:0% It's important to mention at this point 00:05:10.720 --> 00:05:12.790 align:start position:0% It's important to mention at this point that<00:05:10.960> there<00:05:11.120> are<00:05:11.360> lots<00:05:11.680> and<00:05:11.919> lots<00:05:12.160> of<00:05:12.320> forms<00:05:12.560> of 00:05:12.790 --> 00:05:12.800 align:start position:0% that there are lots and lots of forms of 00:05:12.800 --> 00:05:14.790 align:start position:0% that there are lots and lots of forms of augmentative<00:05:13.360> and<00:05:13.600> assisted<00:05:14.000> communication, 00:05:14.790 --> 00:05:14.800 align:start position:0% augmentative and assisted communication, 00:05:14.800 --> 00:05:16.870 align:start position:0% augmentative and assisted communication, AAC,<00:05:15.520> which<00:05:15.759> do<00:05:16.000> have<00:05:16.080> an<00:05:16.320> evidence<00:05:16.639> base 00:05:16.870 --> 00:05:16.880 align:start position:0% AAC, which do have an evidence base 00:05:16.880 --> 00:05:18.550 align:start position:0% AAC, which do have an evidence base behind<00:05:17.120> them<00:05:17.360> and<00:05:17.600> which<00:05:17.840> can<00:05:18.080> be<00:05:18.160> used<00:05:18.400> to 00:05:18.550 --> 00:05:18.560 align:start position:0% behind them and which can be used to 00:05:18.560 --> 00:05:20.710 align:start position:0% behind them and which can be used to help<00:05:18.800> non-verbal<00:05:19.520> people<00:05:19.840> communicate.<00:05:20.560> This 00:05:20.710 --> 00:05:20.720 align:start position:0% help non-verbal people communicate. This 00:05:20.720 --> 00:05:22.070 align:start position:0% help non-verbal people communicate. This is<00:05:20.800> just<00:05:20.960> not<00:05:21.120> one<00:05:21.199> of<00:05:21.280> them.<00:05:21.520> This<00:05:21.680> paragraph 00:05:22.070 --> 00:05:22.080 align:start position:0% is just not one of them. This paragraph 00:05:22.080 --> 00:05:23.510 align:start position:0% is just not one of them. This paragraph touches<00:05:22.400> on<00:05:22.479> some<00:05:22.639> of<00:05:22.720> the<00:05:22.880> potential<00:05:23.199> harms 00:05:23.510 --> 00:05:23.520 align:start position:0% touches on some of the potential harms 00:05:23.520 --> 00:05:24.629 align:start position:0% touches on some of the potential harms of<00:05:23.600> the<00:05:23.759> method,<00:05:24.000> but<00:05:24.240> we're<00:05:24.400> going<00:05:24.479> to<00:05:24.560> come 00:05:24.629 --> 00:05:24.639 align:start position:0% of the method, but we're going to come 00:05:24.639 --> 00:05:26.550 align:start position:0% of the method, but we're going to come back<00:05:24.800> to<00:05:24.960> that<00:05:25.120> later<00:05:25.440> because<00:05:26.000> just<00:05:26.240> because 00:05:26.550 --> 00:05:26.560 align:start position:0% back to that later because just because 00:05:26.560 --> 00:05:29.029 align:start position:0% back to that later because just because something<00:05:27.360> doesn't<00:05:27.759> have<00:05:28.080> an<00:05:28.320> evidence<00:05:28.720> base 00:05:29.029 --> 00:05:29.039 align:start position:0% something doesn't have an evidence base 00:05:29.039 --> 00:05:30.710 align:start position:0% something doesn't have an evidence base behind<00:05:29.280> it<00:05:29.440> right<00:05:29.680> now<00:05:30.080> doesn't<00:05:30.320> mean<00:05:30.479> it's 00:05:30.710 --> 00:05:30.720 align:start position:0% behind it right now doesn't mean it's 00:05:30.720 --> 00:05:32.870 align:start position:0% behind it right now doesn't mean it's entirely<00:05:31.120> without<00:05:31.440> validity.<00:05:32.240> And<00:05:32.560> we're 00:05:32.870 --> 00:05:32.880 align:start position:0% entirely without validity. And we're 00:05:32.880 --> 00:05:34.070 align:start position:0% entirely without validity. And we're going<00:05:33.039> to<00:05:33.199> we're<00:05:33.520> going<00:05:33.600> to<00:05:33.680> bend<00:05:33.919> over 00:05:34.070 --> 00:05:34.080 align:start position:0% going to we're going to bend over 00:05:34.080 --> 00:05:35.670 align:start position:0% going to we're going to bend over backwards<00:05:34.479> to<00:05:34.639> be<00:05:34.720> fair<00:05:34.960> here.<00:05:35.199> So,<00:05:35.360> I<00:05:35.520> found 00:05:35.670 --> 00:05:35.680 align:start position:0% backwards to be fair here. So, I found 00:05:35.680 --> 00:05:37.350 align:start position:0% backwards to be fair here. So, I found some<00:05:35.840> clips<00:05:36.080> of<00:05:36.160> Woody<00:05:36.560> and<00:05:36.639> his<00:05:36.880> mother<00:05:37.120> using 00:05:37.350 --> 00:05:37.360 align:start position:0% some clips of Woody and his mother using 00:05:37.360 --> 00:05:39.270 align:start position:0% some clips of Woody and his mother using the<00:05:37.600> method<00:05:37.919> which<00:05:38.080> I<00:05:38.240> have<00:05:38.400> just<00:05:38.560> described, 00:05:39.270 --> 00:05:39.280 align:start position:0% the method which I have just described, 00:05:39.280 --> 00:05:41.270 align:start position:0% the method which I have just described, and<00:05:39.600> you<00:05:39.919> can<00:05:40.000> watch<00:05:40.240> them<00:05:40.479> and<00:05:40.800> judge<00:05:41.039> for 00:05:41.270 --> 00:05:41.280 align:start position:0% and you can watch them and judge for 00:05:41.280 --> 00:05:43.670 align:start position:0% and you can watch them and judge for yourself.<00:05:41.919> This<00:05:42.080> clip<00:05:42.320> is<00:05:42.479> from<00:05:42.720> CBS<00:05:43.280> 3<00:05:43.520> years 00:05:43.670 --> 00:05:43.680 align:start position:0% yourself. This clip is from CBS 3 years 00:05:43.680 --> 00:05:45.270 align:start position:0% yourself. This clip is from CBS 3 years ago,<00:05:43.919> and<00:05:44.160> you<00:05:44.320> can<00:05:44.479> see<00:05:44.639> the<00:05:44.880> letters<00:05:45.120> that 00:05:45.270 --> 00:05:45.280 align:start position:0% ago, and you can see the letters that 00:05:45.280 --> 00:05:47.590 align:start position:0% ago, and you can see the letters that he's<00:05:45.520> typing<00:05:45.840> right<00:05:46.000> here.<00:05:46.320> Z,<00:05:46.720> A,<00:05:46.960> or<00:05:47.120> S,<00:05:47.440> A, 00:05:47.590 --> 00:05:47.600 align:start position:0% he's typing right here. Z, A, or S, A, 00:05:47.600 --> 00:05:50.230 align:start position:0% he's typing right here. Z, A, or S, A, or<00:05:47.759> S,<00:05:48.160> C,<00:05:48.320> or<00:05:48.560> V,<00:05:48.960> N.<00:05:49.360> I'm<00:05:49.520> not<00:05:49.680> sure<00:05:49.840> what<00:05:50.000> word 00:05:50.230 --> 00:05:50.240 align:start position:0% or S, C, or V, N. I'm not sure what word 00:05:50.240 --> 00:05:51.749 align:start position:0% or S, C, or V, N. I'm not sure what word that<00:05:50.400> would<00:05:50.560> make.<00:05:50.960> But,<00:05:51.199> you<00:05:51.440> know<00:05:51.440> what? 00:05:51.749 --> 00:05:51.759 align:start position:0% that would make. But, you know what? 00:05:51.759 --> 00:05:53.110 align:start position:0% that would make. But, you know what? This<00:05:51.919> is<00:05:52.000> such<00:05:52.160> a<00:05:52.320> short<00:05:52.479> clip,<00:05:52.720> and<00:05:52.880> there<00:05:52.960> are 00:05:53.110 --> 00:05:53.120 align:start position:0% This is such a short clip, and there are 00:05:53.120 --> 00:05:55.510 align:start position:0% This is such a short clip, and there are no<00:05:53.280> words<00:05:53.520> associated,<00:05:54.080> we<00:05:54.320> can't<00:05:54.560> really<00:05:55.280> say 00:05:55.510 --> 00:05:55.520 align:start position:0% no words associated, we can't really say 00:05:55.520 --> 00:05:57.270 align:start position:0% no words associated, we can't really say what's<00:05:55.759> going<00:05:55.919> on<00:05:56.080> with<00:05:56.240> it.<00:05:56.639> Let's<00:05:56.880> try<00:05:57.039> a 00:05:57.270 --> 00:05:57.280 align:start position:0% what's going on with it. Let's try a 00:05:57.280 --> 00:05:58.790 align:start position:0% what's going on with it. Let's try a different<00:05:57.440> one.<00:05:57.680> Here,<00:05:58.000> we<00:05:58.160> cannot<00:05:58.479> see<00:05:58.639> the 00:05:58.790 --> 00:05:58.800 align:start position:0% different one. Here, we cannot see the 00:05:58.800 --> 00:06:00.870 align:start position:0% different one. Here, we cannot see the keys,<00:05:59.120> but<00:05:59.280> Woody's<00:05:59.759> mother<00:06:00.160> spells<00:06:00.479> out<00:06:00.639> the 00:06:00.870 --> 00:06:00.880 align:start position:0% keys, but Woody's mother spells out the 00:06:00.880 --> 00:06:07.110 align:start position:0% keys, but Woody's mother spells out the word<00:06:01.360> intelligence.<00:06:02.240> to<00:06:02.479> presume<00:06:03.840> I<00:06:04.560> N<00:06:05.360> T<00:06:06.160> E<00:06:07.039> L 00:06:07.110 --> 00:06:07.120 align:start position:0% word intelligence. to presume I N T E L 00:06:07.120 --> 00:06:15.590 align:start position:0% word intelligence. to presume I N T E L L<00:06:08.240> I<00:06:09.360> G<00:06:10.240> E<00:06:11.120> N<00:06:11.919> C<00:06:12.639> E<00:06:13.039> to<00:06:13.280> presume<00:06:13.840> intelligence<00:06:15.280> I 00:06:15.590 --> 00:06:15.600 align:start position:0% L I G E N C E to presume intelligence I 00:06:15.600 --> 00:06:19.029 align:start position:0% L I G E N C E to presume intelligence I N<00:06:16.479> in 00:06:19.029 --> 00:06:19.039 align:start position:0% N in 00:06:19.039 --> 00:06:20.150 align:start position:0% N in people<00:06:19.360> like<00:06:19.600> me 00:06:20.150 --> 00:06:20.160 align:start position:0% people like me 00:06:20.160 --> 00:06:20.790 align:start position:0% people like me >> yes 00:06:20.790 --> 00:06:20.800 align:start position:0% >> yes 00:06:20.800 --> 00:06:22.629 align:start position:0% >> yes >> first<00:06:21.440> the<00:06:21.680> number<00:06:21.840> of<00:06:22.000> taps<00:06:22.400> don't 00:06:22.629 --> 00:06:22.639 align:start position:0% >> first the number of taps don't 00:06:22.639 --> 00:06:24.950 align:start position:0% >> first the number of taps don't correspond<00:06:23.199> to<00:06:23.759> the<00:06:24.000> number<00:06:24.160> of<00:06:24.400> letters<00:06:24.720> that 00:06:24.950 --> 00:06:24.960 align:start position:0% correspond to the number of letters that 00:06:24.960 --> 00:06:27.430 align:start position:0% correspond to the number of letters that she's<00:06:25.280> saying<00:06:25.840> and<00:06:26.080> second<00:06:26.639> he's<00:06:26.880> down<00:06:27.120> on<00:06:27.280> the 00:06:27.430 --> 00:06:27.440 align:start position:0% she's saying and second he's down on the 00:06:27.440 --> 00:06:29.510 align:start position:0% she's saying and second he's down on the bottom<00:06:27.600> of<00:06:27.759> the<00:06:27.919> board<00:06:28.319> for<00:06:28.560> most<00:06:28.720> of<00:06:28.880> this<00:06:29.199> I 00:06:29.510 --> 00:06:29.520 align:start position:0% bottom of the board for most of this I 00:06:29.520 --> 00:06:32.150 align:start position:0% bottom of the board for most of this I and<00:06:29.919> T<00:06:30.319> are<00:06:30.560> both<00:06:30.880> up<00:06:31.039> at<00:06:31.199> the<00:06:31.360> top<00:06:31.600> His<00:06:31.840> fingers 00:06:32.150 --> 00:06:32.160 align:start position:0% and T are both up at the top His fingers 00:06:32.160 --> 00:06:33.749 align:start position:0% and T are both up at the top His fingers shouldn't<00:06:32.479> be<00:06:32.560> down<00:06:32.800> there<00:06:33.039> if<00:06:33.280> he's<00:06:33.520> typing 00:06:33.749 --> 00:06:33.759 align:start position:0% shouldn't be down there if he's typing 00:06:33.759 --> 00:06:35.350 align:start position:0% shouldn't be down there if he's typing the<00:06:34.000> word<00:06:34.240> intelligence.<00:06:35.039> But<00:06:35.199> you<00:06:35.280> know 00:06:35.350 --> 00:06:35.360 align:start position:0% the word intelligence. But you know 00:06:35.360 --> 00:06:37.270 align:start position:0% the word intelligence. But you know what?<00:06:35.600> This<00:06:35.680> was<00:06:35.919> 3<00:06:36.080> years<00:06:36.240> ago,<00:06:36.560> and<00:06:36.800> we<00:06:37.039> can't 00:06:37.270 --> 00:06:37.280 align:start position:0% what? This was 3 years ago, and we can't 00:06:37.280 --> 00:06:38.870 align:start position:0% what? This was 3 years ago, and we can't actually<00:06:37.520> see<00:06:37.680> the<00:06:37.919> letters<00:06:38.240> he's<00:06:38.479> typing 00:06:38.870 --> 00:06:38.880 align:start position:0% actually see the letters he's typing 00:06:38.880 --> 00:06:41.510 align:start position:0% actually see the letters he's typing while<00:06:39.120> she<00:06:39.360> is<00:06:39.919> telling<00:06:40.160> us<00:06:40.400> what<00:06:40.560> he<00:06:40.800> says. 00:06:41.510 --> 00:06:41.520 align:start position:0% while she is telling us what he says. 00:06:41.520 --> 00:06:43.590 align:start position:0% while she is telling us what he says. So,<00:06:41.840> let's<00:06:42.080> go<00:06:42.240> to<00:06:42.400> this<00:06:42.560> clip<00:06:42.800> from<00:06:42.960> the<00:06:43.199> Ron 00:06:43.590 --> 00:06:43.600 align:start position:0% So, let's go to this clip from the Ron 00:06:43.600 --> 00:06:46.230 align:start position:0% So, let's go to this clip from the Ron Charles<00:06:43.919> Substack,<00:06:44.880> which<00:06:45.520> has<00:06:45.840> him 00:06:46.230 --> 00:06:46.240 align:start position:0% Charles Substack, which has him 00:06:46.240 --> 00:06:48.390 align:start position:0% Charles Substack, which has him answering<00:06:46.639> a<00:06:46.880> question<00:06:47.199> in<00:06:47.520> real<00:06:47.759> time<00:06:48.160> while 00:06:48.390 --> 00:06:48.400 align:start position:0% answering a question in real time while 00:06:48.400 --> 00:06:49.990 align:start position:0% answering a question in real time while we<00:06:48.560> can<00:06:48.720> see<00:06:48.800> the<00:06:49.039> keyboard.<00:06:49.440> Again,<00:06:49.680> the<00:06:49.840> idea 00:06:49.990 --> 00:06:50.000 align:start position:0% we can see the keyboard. Again, the idea 00:06:50.000 --> 00:06:51.909 align:start position:0% we can see the keyboard. Again, the idea is<00:06:50.160> that<00:06:50.319> he<00:06:50.479> taps<00:06:50.800> out<00:06:51.039> words<00:06:51.280> on<00:06:51.520> this<00:06:51.759> board 00:06:51.909 --> 00:06:51.919 align:start position:0% is that he taps out words on this board 00:06:51.919 --> 00:06:53.670 align:start position:0% is that he taps out words on this board and<00:06:52.160> his<00:06:52.319> mother<00:06:52.560> reads<00:06:52.800> them<00:06:52.960> aloud.<00:06:53.360> And<00:06:53.520> in 00:06:53.670 --> 00:06:53.680 align:start position:0% and his mother reads them aloud. And in 00:06:53.680 --> 00:06:55.510 align:start position:0% and his mother reads them aloud. And in the<00:06:53.919> comment<00:06:54.160> section<00:06:54.400> of<00:06:54.560> the<00:06:54.800> CBS<00:06:55.280> video 00:06:55.510 --> 00:06:55.520 align:start position:0% the comment section of the CBS video 00:06:55.520 --> 00:06:57.110 align:start position:0% the comment section of the CBS video from<00:06:55.759> 3<00:06:56.000> years<00:06:56.080> ago,<00:06:56.400> there<00:06:56.560> is<00:06:56.720> someone<00:06:56.880> who 00:06:57.110 --> 00:06:57.120 align:start position:0% from 3 years ago, there is someone who 00:06:57.120 --> 00:07:00.150 align:start position:0% from 3 years ago, there is someone who is<00:06:57.280> claiming<00:06:57.600> to<00:06:57.759> be<00:06:58.319> Mary<00:06:58.639> Brown.<00:06:59.520> And<00:06:59.840> she 00:07:00.150 --> 00:07:00.160 align:start position:0% is claiming to be Mary Brown. And she 00:07:00.160 --> 00:07:02.629 align:start position:0% is claiming to be Mary Brown. And she says<00:07:00.560> in<00:07:00.960> that<00:07:01.280> comment<00:07:01.680> that<00:07:01.919> she<00:07:02.080> writes<00:07:02.400> or 00:07:02.629 --> 00:07:02.639 align:start position:0% says in that comment that she writes or 00:07:02.639 --> 00:07:05.189 align:start position:0% says in that comment that she writes or types<00:07:03.120> exactly<00:07:03.599> what<00:07:03.840> he<00:07:04.080> points<00:07:04.400> to<00:07:04.720> when<00:07:05.039> she 00:07:05.189 --> 00:07:05.199 align:start position:0% types exactly what he points to when she 00:07:05.199 --> 00:07:07.350 align:start position:0% types exactly what he points to when she is<00:07:05.440> writing<00:07:05.759> for<00:07:06.000> him.<00:07:06.479> So<00:07:06.720> I<00:07:06.960> feel<00:07:07.120> it's 00:07:07.350 --> 00:07:07.360 align:start position:0% is writing for him. So I feel it's 00:07:07.360 --> 00:07:09.110 align:start position:0% is writing for him. So I feel it's reasonably<00:07:07.759> safe<00:07:07.919> to<00:07:08.160> assume<00:07:08.479> that<00:07:08.720> she 00:07:09.110 --> 00:07:09.120 align:start position:0% reasonably safe to assume that she 00:07:09.120 --> 00:07:11.830 align:start position:0% reasonably safe to assume that she should<00:07:09.599> then<00:07:10.000> say<00:07:10.880> exactly<00:07:11.360> what<00:07:11.599> he's 00:07:11.830 --> 00:07:11.840 align:start position:0% should then say exactly what he's 00:07:11.840 --> 00:07:14.309 align:start position:0% should then say exactly what he's pointing<00:07:12.160> to,<00:07:12.639> or<00:07:12.800> at<00:07:12.880> least<00:07:13.680> roughly<00:07:14.160> what 00:07:14.309 --> 00:07:14.319 align:start position:0% pointing to, or at least roughly what 00:07:14.319 --> 00:07:16.710 align:start position:0% pointing to, or at least roughly what he's<00:07:14.560> pointing<00:07:14.880> to,<00:07:15.440> given<00:07:15.759> that<00:07:16.319> if<00:07:16.560> you're 00:07:16.710 --> 00:07:16.720 align:start position:0% he's pointing to, given that if you're 00:07:16.720 --> 00:07:18.070 align:start position:0% he's pointing to, given that if you're doing<00:07:16.960> something<00:07:17.199> quickly,<00:07:17.599> there's<00:07:17.919> more 00:07:18.070 --> 00:07:18.080 align:start position:0% doing something quickly, there's more 00:07:18.080 --> 00:07:19.589 align:start position:0% doing something quickly, there's more likely<00:07:18.319> to<00:07:18.400> be<00:07:18.560> typos.<00:07:19.039> because<00:07:19.280> there<00:07:19.440> are 00:07:19.589 --> 00:07:19.599 align:start position:0% likely to be typos. because there are 00:07:19.599 --> 00:07:21.110 align:start position:0% likely to be typos. because there are more<00:07:19.759> likely<00:07:20.000> to<00:07:20.160> be<00:07:20.240> typos.<00:07:20.720> I<00:07:20.880> have<00:07:20.960> given 00:07:21.110 --> 00:07:21.120 align:start position:0% more likely to be typos. I have given 00:07:21.120 --> 00:07:22.790 align:start position:0% more likely to be typos. I have given you<00:07:21.280> my<00:07:21.520> best<00:07:21.759> estimates<00:07:22.160> of<00:07:22.319> the<00:07:22.479> keys 00:07:22.790 --> 00:07:22.800 align:start position:0% you my best estimates of the keys 00:07:22.800 --> 00:07:24.710 align:start position:0% you my best estimates of the keys pressed.<00:07:23.280> But<00:07:23.440> when<00:07:23.759> it's<00:07:24.160> right<00:07:24.319> in<00:07:24.560> the 00:07:24.710 --> 00:07:24.720 align:start position:0% pressed. But when it's right in the 00:07:24.720 --> 00:07:26.710 align:start position:0% pressed. But when it's right in the middle<00:07:24.880> of<00:07:25.120> one<00:07:25.360> or<00:07:25.520> two<00:07:25.680> or<00:07:25.919> three,<00:07:26.400> I<00:07:26.560> have 00:07:26.710 --> 00:07:26.720 align:start position:0% middle of one or two or three, I have 00:07:26.720 --> 00:07:28.550 align:start position:0% middle of one or two or three, I have given<00:07:26.960> you<00:07:27.199> all<00:07:27.440> of<00:07:27.520> the<00:07:27.680> possible<00:07:28.080> options. 00:07:28.550 --> 00:07:28.560 align:start position:0% given you all of the possible options. 00:07:28.560 --> 00:07:30.550 align:start position:0% given you all of the possible options. Here<00:07:28.800> are<00:07:28.960> the<00:07:29.120> notes<00:07:29.440> that<00:07:29.680> I<00:07:29.840> took<00:07:30.000> of<00:07:30.160> this<00:07:30.400> 1 00:07:30.550 --> 00:07:30.560 align:start position:0% Here are the notes that I took of this 1 00:07:30.560 --> 00:07:33.350 align:start position:0% Here are the notes that I took of this 1 minute<00:07:30.800> and<00:07:31.199> 17<00:07:31.599> second<00:07:32.000> clip<00:07:32.560> from<00:07:32.880> when<00:07:33.120> he 00:07:33.350 --> 00:07:33.360 align:start position:0% minute and 17 second clip from when he 00:07:33.360 --> 00:07:35.350 align:start position:0% minute and 17 second clip from when he starts<00:07:33.840> tapping<00:07:34.240> on<00:07:34.400> the<00:07:34.560> board<00:07:34.800> to<00:07:35.039> when<00:07:35.199> the 00:07:35.350 --> 00:07:35.360 align:start position:0% starts tapping on the board to when the 00:07:35.360 --> 00:07:36.950 align:start position:0% starts tapping on the board to when the board<00:07:35.520> is<00:07:35.759> taken<00:07:36.000> away.<00:07:36.319> And<00:07:36.479> while<00:07:36.720> the 00:07:36.950 --> 00:07:36.960 align:start position:0% board is taken away. And while the 00:07:36.960 --> 00:07:38.629 align:start position:0% board is taken away. And while the original<00:07:37.199> clip<00:07:37.440> is<00:07:37.599> framed<00:07:37.919> like<00:07:38.080> this,<00:07:38.319> I<00:07:38.479> am 00:07:38.629 --> 00:07:38.639 align:start position:0% original clip is framed like this, I am 00:07:38.639 --> 00:07:40.550 align:start position:0% original clip is framed like this, I am going<00:07:38.720> to<00:07:38.960> zoom<00:07:39.199> in<00:07:39.440> on<00:07:39.599> the<00:07:39.840> board<00:07:40.080> and<00:07:40.319> his 00:07:40.550 --> 00:07:40.560 align:start position:0% going to zoom in on the board and his 00:07:40.560 --> 00:07:42.950 align:start position:0% going to zoom in on the board and his typing<00:07:40.960> so<00:07:41.199> that<00:07:41.360> we<00:07:41.599> can<00:07:41.759> see<00:07:42.240> more<00:07:42.560> clearly 00:07:42.950 --> 00:07:42.960 align:start position:0% typing so that we can see more clearly 00:07:42.960 --> 00:07:45.350 align:start position:0% typing so that we can see more clearly what<00:07:43.280> he's<00:07:43.680> actually<00:07:44.560> pointing<00:07:44.880> at.<00:07:45.199> The 00:07:45.350 --> 00:07:45.360 align:start position:0% what he's actually pointing at. The 00:07:45.360 --> 00:07:46.950 align:start position:0% what he's actually pointing at. The short<00:07:45.599> version<00:07:45.759> is<00:07:45.919> that<00:07:46.080> the<00:07:46.240> keys<00:07:46.400> he<00:07:46.560> taps 00:07:46.950 --> 00:07:46.960 align:start position:0% short version is that the keys he taps 00:07:46.960 --> 00:07:48.710 align:start position:0% short version is that the keys he taps bear<00:07:47.199> almost<00:07:47.440> no<00:07:47.599> resemblance<00:07:48.080> to<00:07:48.240> what<00:07:48.479> his 00:07:48.710 --> 00:07:48.720 align:start position:0% bear almost no resemblance to what his 00:07:48.720 --> 00:07:50.150 align:start position:0% bear almost no resemblance to what his mother<00:07:48.960> says<00:07:49.120> that<00:07:49.360> he<00:07:49.520> is<00:07:49.680> saying.<00:07:50.000> But 00:07:50.150 --> 00:07:50.160 align:start position:0% mother says that he is saying. But 00:07:50.160 --> 00:07:51.350 align:start position:0% mother says that he is saying. But again,<00:07:50.319> you<00:07:50.479> should<00:07:50.560> judge<00:07:50.800> for<00:07:50.960> yourself. 00:07:51.350 --> 00:07:51.360 align:start position:0% again, you should judge for yourself. 00:07:51.360 --> 00:07:53.110 align:start position:0% again, you should judge for yourself. So,<00:07:51.599> here<00:07:51.840> again<00:07:52.000> are<00:07:52.240> my<00:07:52.400> best<00:07:52.639> estimates 00:07:53.110 --> 00:07:53.120 align:start position:0% So, here again are my best estimates 00:07:53.120 --> 00:07:54.869 align:start position:0% So, here again are my best estimates just<00:07:53.360> in<00:07:53.520> case<00:07:53.599> this<00:07:53.840> gets<00:07:54.080> copyright<00:07:54.560> dinged 00:07:54.869 --> 00:07:54.879 align:start position:0% just in case this gets copyright dinged 00:07:54.879 --> 00:07:56.629 align:start position:0% just in case this gets copyright dinged and<00:07:54.960> I<00:07:55.120> have<00:07:55.199> to<00:07:55.360> take<00:07:55.520> down<00:07:56.000> the<00:07:56.160> sections 00:07:56.629 --> 00:07:56.639 align:start position:0% and I have to take down the sections 00:07:56.639 --> 00:07:58.790 align:start position:0% and I have to take down the sections where<00:07:57.120> I'm<00:07:57.360> using<00:07:57.680> someone<00:07:57.919> else's<00:07:58.240> footage. 00:07:58.790 --> 00:07:58.800 align:start position:0% where I'm using someone else's footage. 00:07:58.800 --> 00:07:59.830 align:start position:0% where I'm using someone else's footage. And<00:07:58.960> here<00:07:59.120> is<00:07:59.280> the<00:07:59.440> question. 00:07:59.830 --> 00:07:59.840 align:start position:0% And here is the question. 00:07:59.840 --> 00:08:01.909 align:start position:0% And here is the question. >> Ron<00:08:00.240> asks,<00:08:00.560> "How<00:08:00.879> did<00:08:01.039> you<00:08:01.199> decide<00:08:01.520> to<00:08:01.680> let 00:08:01.909 --> 00:08:01.919 align:start position:0% >> Ron asks, "How did you decide to let 00:08:01.919 --> 00:08:03.830 align:start position:0% >> Ron asks, "How did you decide to let your<00:08:02.240> characters<00:08:02.720> be<00:08:02.960> funny,<00:08:03.520> even 00:08:03.830 --> 00:08:03.840 align:start position:0% your characters be funny, even 00:08:03.840 --> 00:08:05.670 align:start position:0% your characters be funny, even ridiculous,<00:08:04.560> without<00:08:04.879> turning<00:08:05.199> them<00:08:05.360> into 00:08:05.670 --> 00:08:05.680 align:start position:0% ridiculous, without turning them into 00:08:05.680 --> 00:08:06.710 align:start position:0% ridiculous, without turning them into objects<00:08:06.080> of<00:08:06.240> pity?" 00:08:06.710 --> 00:08:06.720 align:start position:0% objects of pity?" 00:08:06.720 --> 00:08:08.629 align:start position:0% objects of pity?" >> Woody<00:08:07.039> taps<00:08:07.360> the<00:08:07.440> board<00:08:07.680> eight<00:08:08.000> times<00:08:08.240> in<00:08:08.479> the 00:08:08.629 --> 00:08:08.639 align:start position:0% >> Woody taps the board eight times in the 00:08:08.639 --> 00:08:10.070 align:start position:0% >> Woody taps the board eight times in the following<00:08:08.960> locations,<00:08:09.440> and<00:08:09.680> his<00:08:09.840> mother 00:08:10.070 --> 00:08:10.080 align:start position:0% following locations, and his mother 00:08:10.080 --> 00:08:12.150 align:start position:0% following locations, and his mother says,<00:08:10.639> "May."<00:08:11.039> He<00:08:11.280> taps<00:08:11.440> the<00:08:11.599> board<00:08:11.759> twice<00:08:12.000> in 00:08:12.150 --> 00:08:12.160 align:start position:0% says, "May." He taps the board twice in 00:08:12.160 --> 00:08:13.830 align:start position:0% says, "May." He taps the board twice in what<00:08:12.319> could<00:08:12.479> be<00:08:12.639> the<00:08:12.800> space<00:08:12.960> and<00:08:13.199> I<00:08:13.440> positions. 00:08:13.830 --> 00:08:13.840 align:start position:0% what could be the space and I positions. 00:08:13.840 --> 00:08:16.550 align:start position:0% what could be the space and I positions. And<00:08:14.000> she<00:08:14.160> says<00:08:14.400> I<00:08:14.800> say<00:08:15.280> for<00:08:15.520> these.<00:08:16.080> I<00:08:16.319> guess 00:08:16.550 --> 00:08:16.560 align:start position:0% And she says I say for these. I guess 00:08:16.560 --> 00:08:18.550 align:start position:0% And she says I say for these. I guess that<00:08:17.039> works.<00:08:17.440> Three<00:08:17.680> taps,<00:08:18.080> one<00:08:18.240> of<00:08:18.319> which 00:08:18.550 --> 00:08:18.560 align:start position:0% that works. Three taps, one of which 00:08:18.560 --> 00:08:20.469 align:start position:0% that works. Three taps, one of which could<00:08:18.800> be<00:08:18.960> I.<00:08:19.520> And<00:08:19.759> for<00:08:20.000> the<00:08:20.160> rest<00:08:20.240> of<00:08:20.319> the 00:08:20.469 --> 00:08:20.479 align:start position:0% could be I. And for the rest of the 00:08:20.479 --> 00:08:22.070 align:start position:0% could be I. And for the rest of the clip,<00:08:20.720> I'm<00:08:20.960> just<00:08:21.039> going<00:08:21.120> to<00:08:21.199> put<00:08:21.360> the<00:08:21.520> letters 00:08:22.070 --> 00:08:22.080 align:start position:0% clip, I'm just going to put the letters 00:08:22.080 --> 00:08:24.309 align:start position:0% clip, I'm just going to put the letters tapped<00:08:22.560> on<00:08:22.800> the<00:08:22.960> screen<00:08:23.199> and<00:08:23.440> the<00:08:23.680> word<00:08:23.919> at<00:08:24.160> the 00:08:24.309 --> 00:08:24.319 align:start position:0% tapped on the screen and the word at the 00:08:24.319 --> 00:08:26.629 align:start position:0% tapped on the screen and the word at the bottom.<00:08:24.800> 10<00:08:25.039> taps<00:08:25.440> for<00:08:25.680> don't.<00:08:26.080> Eight<00:08:26.319> taps 00:08:26.629 --> 00:08:26.639 align:start position:0% bottom. 10 taps for don't. Eight taps 00:08:26.639 --> 00:08:29.749 align:start position:0% bottom. 10 taps for don't. Eight taps for<00:08:26.879> have.<00:08:27.759> Five<00:08:28.080> taps<00:08:28.479> for<00:08:28.720> pity. 00:08:29.749 --> 00:08:29.759 align:start position:0% for have. Five taps for pity. 00:08:29.759 --> 00:08:32.790 align:start position:0% for have. Five taps for pity. >> Seven<00:08:30.080> taps<00:08:30.479> for<00:08:30.879> four. 00:08:32.790 --> 00:08:32.800 align:start position:0% >> Seven taps for four. 00:08:32.800 --> 00:08:36.469 align:start position:0% >> Seven taps for four. >> 10<00:08:33.120> taps<00:08:33.519> for<00:08:33.839> disabled. 00:08:36.469 --> 00:08:36.479 align:start position:0% >> 10 taps for disabled. 00:08:36.479 --> 00:08:37.350 align:start position:0% >> 10 taps for disabled. >> Disabled. 00:08:37.350 --> 00:08:37.360 align:start position:0% >> Disabled. 00:08:37.360 --> 00:08:40.230 align:start position:0% >> Disabled. >> 18<00:08:37.839> taps<00:08:38.320> for<00:08:38.640> people.<00:08:39.599> people. 00:08:40.230 --> 00:08:40.240 align:start position:0% >> 18 taps for people. people. 00:08:40.240 --> 00:08:43.670 align:start position:0% >> 18 taps for people. people. >> 11<00:08:40.640> taps<00:08:41.039> for<00:08:41.360> including 00:08:43.670 --> 00:08:43.680 align:start position:0% >> 11 taps for including 00:08:43.680 --> 00:08:44.710 align:start position:0% >> 11 taps for including >> including. 00:08:44.710 --> 00:08:44.720 align:start position:0% >> including. 00:08:44.720 --> 00:08:47.990 align:start position:0% >> including. >> Nine<00:08:45.040> taps<00:08:45.440> for<00:08:45.760> myself. 00:08:47.990 --> 00:08:48.000 align:start position:0% >> Nine taps for myself. 00:08:48.000 --> 00:08:48.790 align:start position:0% >> Nine taps for myself. >> Myself. 00:08:48.790 --> 00:08:48.800 align:start position:0% >> Myself. 00:08:48.800 --> 00:08:54.150 align:start position:0% >> Myself. >> Twice<00:08:49.120> for<00:08:49.360> I.<00:08:49.839> 12<00:08:50.080> taps<00:08:50.480> for<00:08:50.720> respect. 00:08:54.150 --> 00:08:54.160 align:start position:0% 00:08:54.160 --> 00:08:54.949 align:start position:0% >> Respect. 00:08:54.949 --> 00:08:54.959 align:start position:0% >> Respect. 00:08:54.959 --> 00:08:58.870 align:start position:0% >> Respect. >> Eight<00:08:55.200> taps<00:08:55.600> for<00:08:55.839> them. 00:08:58.870 --> 00:08:58.880 align:start position:0% 00:08:58.880 --> 00:09:02.070 align:start position:0% >> Seven<00:08:59.120> taps<00:08:59.519> for<00:08:59.760> and 00:09:02.070 --> 00:09:02.080 align:start position:0% >> Seven taps for and 00:09:02.080 --> 00:09:04.710 align:start position:0% >> Seven taps for and >> six<00:09:02.399> taps<00:09:02.720> for<00:09:02.959> they 00:09:04.710 --> 00:09:04.720 align:start position:0% >> six taps for they 00:09:04.720 --> 00:09:07.509 align:start position:0% >> six taps for they >> seven<00:09:04.959> taps<00:09:05.360> for<00:09:05.600> happen. 00:09:07.509 --> 00:09:07.519 align:start position:0% >> seven taps for happen. 00:09:07.519 --> 00:09:09.509 align:start position:0% >> seven taps for happen. Five<00:09:07.839> taps<00:09:08.160> for<00:09:08.399> two. 00:09:09.509 --> 00:09:09.519 align:start position:0% Five taps for two. 00:09:09.519 --> 00:09:10.310 align:start position:0% Five taps for two. >> Five<00:09:09.760> taps<00:09:10.080> for 00:09:10.310 --> 00:09:10.320 align:start position:0% >> Five taps for 00:09:10.320 --> 00:09:11.990 align:start position:0% >> Five taps for >> B. 00:09:11.990 --> 00:09:12.000 align:start position:0% >> B. 00:09:12.000 --> 00:09:12.949 align:start position:0% >> B. >> Nine<00:09:12.320> taps<00:09:12.720> for 00:09:12.949 --> 00:09:12.959 align:start position:0% >> Nine taps for 00:09:12.959 --> 00:09:15.190 align:start position:0% >> Nine taps for >> funny. 00:09:15.190 --> 00:09:15.200 align:start position:0% >> funny. 00:09:15.200 --> 00:09:17.990 align:start position:0% >> funny. >> And<00:09:15.440> at<00:09:15.680> the<00:09:15.839> end,<00:09:16.000> you<00:09:16.240> can<00:09:16.399> also<00:09:16.720> see<00:09:17.040> that<00:09:17.680> he 00:09:17.990 --> 00:09:18.000 align:start position:0% >> And at the end, you can also see that he 00:09:18.000 --> 00:09:20.870 align:start position:0% >> And at the end, you can also see that he keeps<00:09:18.480> trying<00:09:18.880> to<00:09:19.440> press<00:09:19.760> the<00:09:20.000> board<00:09:20.640> even 00:09:20.870 --> 00:09:20.880 align:start position:0% keeps trying to press the board even 00:09:20.880 --> 00:09:22.630 align:start position:0% keeps trying to press the board even though<00:09:21.040> she<00:09:21.279> is<00:09:21.440> taking<00:09:21.680> it<00:09:21.839> away.<00:09:22.160> Also,<00:09:22.399> if 00:09:22.630 --> 00:09:22.640 align:start position:0% though she is taking it away. Also, if 00:09:22.640 --> 00:09:24.550 align:start position:0% though she is taking it away. Also, if you<00:09:22.720> watch<00:09:22.880> the<00:09:23.040> clip<00:09:23.279> in<00:09:23.440> its<00:09:23.680> entirety,<00:09:24.320> you 00:09:24.550 --> 00:09:24.560 align:start position:0% you watch the clip in its entirety, you 00:09:24.560 --> 00:09:26.310 align:start position:0% you watch the clip in its entirety, you can<00:09:24.720> see<00:09:24.800> that<00:09:25.040> the<00:09:25.279> board<00:09:25.600> moves<00:09:26.000> around 00:09:26.310 --> 00:09:26.320 align:start position:0% can see that the board moves around 00:09:26.320 --> 00:09:28.389 align:start position:0% can see that the board moves around quite<00:09:26.560> a<00:09:26.720> lot.<00:09:26.959> She's<00:09:27.200> not<00:09:27.440> holding<00:09:27.680> it<00:09:27.920> still, 00:09:28.389 --> 00:09:28.399 align:start position:0% quite a lot. She's not holding it still, 00:09:28.399 --> 00:09:29.750 align:start position:0% quite a lot. She's not holding it still, which<00:09:28.640> considering<00:09:29.040> that<00:09:29.279> quite<00:09:29.440> a<00:09:29.600> lot<00:09:29.680> of 00:09:29.750 --> 00:09:29.760 align:start position:0% which considering that quite a lot of 00:09:29.760 --> 00:09:31.269 align:start position:0% which considering that quite a lot of the<00:09:29.920> time<00:09:30.080> he's<00:09:30.320> also<00:09:30.560> not<00:09:30.800> looking<00:09:30.959> at<00:09:31.120> the 00:09:31.269 --> 00:09:31.279 align:start position:0% the time he's also not looking at the 00:09:31.279 --> 00:09:33.269 align:start position:0% the time he's also not looking at the board<00:09:31.600> would<00:09:31.839> make<00:09:31.920> it<00:09:32.160> very<00:09:32.480> difficult<00:09:32.959> to 00:09:33.269 --> 00:09:33.279 align:start position:0% board would make it very difficult to 00:09:33.279 --> 00:09:35.110 align:start position:0% board would make it very difficult to find<00:09:33.600> one's<00:09:33.920> letter<00:09:34.160> of<00:09:34.399> choice.<00:09:34.640> I<00:09:34.880> hope<00:09:34.959> that 00:09:35.110 --> 00:09:35.120 align:start position:0% find one's letter of choice. I hope that 00:09:35.120 --> 00:09:36.389 align:start position:0% find one's letter of choice. I hope that the<00:09:35.279> quality<00:09:35.519> of<00:09:35.600> the<00:09:35.760> clip<00:09:35.920> is<00:09:36.080> good<00:09:36.240> enough 00:09:36.389 --> 00:09:36.399 align:start position:0% the quality of the clip is good enough 00:09:36.399 --> 00:09:37.750 align:start position:0% the quality of the clip is good enough that<00:09:36.560> you<00:09:36.720> can<00:09:36.800> see<00:09:36.959> the<00:09:37.120> letters<00:09:37.360> that<00:09:37.600> he's 00:09:37.750 --> 00:09:37.760 align:start position:0% that you can see the letters that he's 00:09:37.760 --> 00:09:39.829 align:start position:0% that you can see the letters that he's pointing<00:09:38.000> at<00:09:38.240> here.<00:09:38.720> And<00:09:38.880> I<00:09:39.120> don't<00:09:39.279> know<00:09:39.600> if 00:09:39.829 --> 00:09:39.839 align:start position:0% pointing at here. And I don't know if 00:09:39.839 --> 00:09:41.590 align:start position:0% pointing at here. And I don't know if you<00:09:40.080> are<00:09:40.240> seeing<00:09:40.560> what<00:09:40.720> I<00:09:40.959> am<00:09:41.120> seeing,<00:09:41.360> but 00:09:41.590 --> 00:09:41.600 align:start position:0% you are seeing what I am seeing, but 00:09:41.600 --> 00:09:43.030 align:start position:0% you are seeing what I am seeing, but reading<00:09:41.920> the<00:09:42.080> communication<00:09:42.640> method 00:09:43.030 --> 00:09:43.040 align:start position:0% reading the communication method 00:09:43.040 --> 00:09:44.949 align:start position:0% reading the communication method described<00:09:43.440> in<00:09:43.600> the<00:09:43.760> newspaper<00:09:44.240> articles<00:09:44.720> made 00:09:44.949 --> 00:09:44.959 align:start position:0% described in the newspaper articles made 00:09:44.959 --> 00:09:47.670 align:start position:0% described in the newspaper articles made me<00:09:45.360> a<00:09:45.600> little<00:09:45.760> bit<00:09:45.920> uneasy.<00:09:46.880> And<00:09:47.040> then<00:09:47.279> I<00:09:47.519> went 00:09:47.670 --> 00:09:47.680 align:start position:0% me a little bit uneasy. And then I went 00:09:47.680 --> 00:09:50.310 align:start position:0% me a little bit uneasy. And then I went and<00:09:47.920> watched<00:09:48.160> some<00:09:48.399> clips<00:09:48.720> of<00:09:48.959> it<00:09:49.200> in<00:09:49.440> action 00:09:50.310 --> 00:09:50.320 align:start position:0% and watched some clips of it in action 00:09:50.320 --> 00:09:54.389 align:start position:0% and watched some clips of it in action and<00:09:51.279> now<00:09:51.600> I'm<00:09:52.800> very<00:09:53.120> uneasy<00:09:53.920> to<00:09:54.080> put<00:09:54.240> it 00:09:54.389 --> 00:09:54.399 align:start position:0% and now I'm very uneasy to put it 00:09:54.399 --> 00:09:56.870 align:start position:0% and now I'm very uneasy to put it mildly.<00:09:55.040> The<00:09:55.279> evidence<00:09:55.680> of<00:09:55.920> my<00:09:56.160> eyes<00:09:56.480> does<00:09:56.720> not 00:09:56.870 --> 00:09:56.880 align:start position:0% mildly. The evidence of my eyes does not 00:09:56.880 --> 00:09:58.470 align:start position:0% mildly. The evidence of my eyes does not lead<00:09:57.120> me<00:09:57.200> to<00:09:57.360> the<00:09:57.519> conclusion<00:09:57.920> that<00:09:58.160> Woody 00:09:58.470 --> 00:09:58.480 align:start position:0% lead me to the conclusion that Woody 00:09:58.480 --> 00:10:00.710 align:start position:0% lead me to the conclusion that Woody Brown<00:09:58.800> is<00:09:59.040> communicating<00:09:59.839> via<00:10:00.160> a<00:10:00.399> letter 00:10:00.710 --> 00:10:00.720 align:start position:0% Brown is communicating via a letter 00:10:00.720 --> 00:10:02.389 align:start position:0% Brown is communicating via a letter board.<00:10:01.040> It<00:10:01.200> leads<00:10:01.440> me<00:10:01.600> to<00:10:01.760> the<00:10:01.920> conclusion 00:10:02.389 --> 00:10:02.399 align:start position:0% board. It leads me to the conclusion 00:10:02.399 --> 00:10:04.790 align:start position:0% board. It leads me to the conclusion that<00:10:02.720> he<00:10:02.959> is<00:10:03.120> randomly<00:10:03.600> tapping<00:10:04.000> the<00:10:04.240> board 00:10:04.790 --> 00:10:04.800 align:start position:0% that he is randomly tapping the board 00:10:04.800 --> 00:10:06.630 align:start position:0% that he is randomly tapping the board and<00:10:05.040> that<00:10:05.200> his<00:10:05.440> mother<00:10:05.680> is<00:10:05.839> extemporizing 00:10:06.630 --> 00:10:06.640 align:start position:0% and that his mother is extemporizing 00:10:06.640 --> 00:10:08.389 align:start position:0% and that his mother is extemporizing whether<00:10:06.959> consciously<00:10:07.360> or<00:10:07.600> not.<00:10:07.839> I<00:10:08.080> further 00:10:08.389 --> 00:10:08.399 align:start position:0% whether consciously or not. I further 00:10:08.399 --> 00:10:10.389 align:start position:0% whether consciously or not. I further conclude<00:10:08.800> that<00:10:09.040> if<00:10:09.360> people<00:10:09.680> see<00:10:09.839> this<00:10:10.160> and 00:10:10.389 --> 00:10:10.399 align:start position:0% conclude that if people see this and 00:10:10.399 --> 00:10:12.389 align:start position:0% conclude that if people see this and think<00:10:10.640> to<00:10:10.880> themselves,<00:10:11.360> "Wow,<00:10:11.920> maybe<00:10:12.160> this 00:10:12.389 --> 00:10:12.399 align:start position:0% think to themselves, "Wow, maybe this 00:10:12.399 --> 00:10:14.069 align:start position:0% think to themselves, "Wow, maybe this could<00:10:12.560> be<00:10:12.640> a<00:10:12.880> method<00:10:13.120> that<00:10:13.279> I<00:10:13.519> could<00:10:13.680> use<00:10:13.839> to 00:10:14.069 --> 00:10:14.079 align:start position:0% could be a method that I could use to 00:10:14.079 --> 00:10:16.389 align:start position:0% could be a method that I could use to communicate<00:10:14.560> with<00:10:14.880> my<00:10:15.120> non-verbal<00:10:15.760> child," 00:10:16.389 --> 00:10:16.399 align:start position:0% communicate with my non-verbal child," 00:10:16.399 --> 00:10:18.630 align:start position:0% communicate with my non-verbal child," they<00:10:16.720> are<00:10:16.880> going<00:10:17.040> to<00:10:17.279> waste<00:10:17.600> their<00:10:17.839> time<00:10:18.320> and 00:10:18.630 --> 00:10:18.640 align:start position:0% they are going to waste their time and 00:10:18.640 --> 00:10:20.550 align:start position:0% they are going to waste their time and their<00:10:18.800> money<00:10:19.040> and<00:10:19.360> their<00:10:19.600> energy<00:10:20.000> and<00:10:20.320> their 00:10:20.550 --> 00:10:20.560 align:start position:0% their money and their energy and their 00:10:20.560 --> 00:10:24.069 align:start position:0% their money and their energy and their hope<00:10:20.880> on<00:10:21.200> something<00:10:22.079> which<00:10:22.880> does<00:10:23.200> not<00:10:23.440> seem<00:10:23.760> to 00:10:24.069 --> 00:10:24.079 align:start position:0% hope on something which does not seem to 00:10:24.079 --> 00:10:26.150 align:start position:0% hope on something which does not seem to actually<00:10:24.560> produce<00:10:25.040> results.<00:10:25.519> I<00:10:25.760> am<00:10:25.920> not 00:10:26.150 --> 00:10:26.160 align:start position:0% actually produce results. I am not 00:10:26.160 --> 00:10:27.990 align:start position:0% actually produce results. I am not convinced<00:10:26.720> that<00:10:26.959> this<00:10:27.120> is<00:10:27.279> Woody<00:10:27.600> Brown's 00:10:27.990 --> 00:10:28.000 align:start position:0% convinced that this is Woody Brown's 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:31.190 align:start position:0% convinced that this is Woody Brown's authentic<00:10:28.640> communication,<00:10:29.920> and<00:10:30.640> I<00:10:30.959> don't 00:10:31.190 --> 00:10:31.200 align:start position:0% authentic communication, and I don't 00:10:31.200 --> 00:10:32.870 align:start position:0% authentic communication, and I don't think<00:10:31.360> that's<00:10:31.680> a<00:10:31.839> good<00:10:32.000> thing.<00:10:32.320> There's<00:10:32.640> not<00:10:32.720> a 00:10:32.870 --> 00:10:32.880 align:start position:0% think that's a good thing. There's not a 00:10:32.880 --> 00:10:35.750 align:start position:0% think that's a good thing. There's not a great<00:10:33.120> deal<00:10:33.279> of<00:10:33.519> skepticism<00:10:34.480> shown<00:10:34.880> in<00:10:35.360> any<00:10:35.600> of 00:10:35.750 --> 00:10:35.760 align:start position:0% great deal of skepticism shown in any of 00:10:35.760 --> 00:10:37.269 align:start position:0% great deal of skepticism shown in any of the<00:10:35.920> three<00:10:36.240> articles.<00:10:36.720> There's<00:10:36.959> a<00:10:37.120> little 00:10:37.269 --> 00:10:37.279 align:start position:0% the three articles. There's a little 00:10:37.279 --> 00:10:39.910 align:start position:0% the three articles. There's a little bit,<00:10:37.600> but<00:10:38.240> the<00:10:38.560> most<00:10:38.800> is<00:10:39.040> probably<00:10:39.440> shown<00:10:39.680> in 00:10:39.910 --> 00:10:39.920 align:start position:0% bit, but the most is probably shown in 00:10:39.920 --> 00:10:41.750 align:start position:0% bit, but the most is probably shown in the<00:10:40.079> New<00:10:40.240> York<00:10:40.399> Times<00:10:40.720> article,<00:10:41.200> and<00:10:41.440> I<00:10:41.600> have 00:10:41.750 --> 00:10:41.760 align:start position:0% the New York Times article, and I have 00:10:41.760 --> 00:10:43.509 align:start position:0% the New York Times article, and I have some<00:10:41.920> quotes<00:10:42.240> from<00:10:42.399> there.<00:10:42.800> Mary<00:10:43.120> says<00:10:43.360> she 00:10:43.509 --> 00:10:43.519 align:start position:0% some quotes from there. Mary says she 00:10:43.519 --> 00:10:45.110 align:start position:0% some quotes from there. Mary says she isn't<00:10:43.839> surprised<00:10:44.320> some<00:10:44.560> people<00:10:44.720> question 00:10:45.110 --> 00:10:45.120 align:start position:0% isn't surprised some people question 00:10:45.120 --> 00:10:47.190 align:start position:0% isn't surprised some people question Woody's<00:10:45.519> abilities.<00:10:46.160> It<00:10:46.320> took<00:10:46.560> her<00:10:46.720> years<00:10:46.959> to 00:10:47.190 --> 00:10:47.200 align:start position:0% Woody's abilities. It took her years to 00:10:47.200 --> 00:10:49.110 align:start position:0% Woody's abilities. It took her years to recognize<00:10:47.600> what<00:10:47.839> he<00:10:48.000> was<00:10:48.160> capable<00:10:48.480> of,<00:10:48.880> but 00:10:49.110 --> 00:10:49.120 align:start position:0% recognize what he was capable of, but 00:10:49.120 --> 00:10:50.870 align:start position:0% recognize what he was capable of, but she<00:10:49.279> bristles<00:10:49.680> at<00:10:49.839> critics<00:10:50.240> who<00:10:50.399> say<00:10:50.560> the<00:10:50.800> way 00:10:50.870 --> 00:10:50.880 align:start position:0% she bristles at critics who say the way 00:10:50.880 --> 00:10:52.389 align:start position:0% she bristles at critics who say the way they<00:10:51.120> communicate<00:10:51.600> is<00:10:51.760> harmful<00:10:52.160> or 00:10:52.389 --> 00:10:52.399 align:start position:0% they communicate is harmful or 00:10:52.399 --> 00:10:54.710 align:start position:0% they communicate is harmful or manipulative.<00:10:53.200> How<00:10:53.440> on<00:10:53.600> earth<00:10:54.000> am<00:10:54.160> I<00:10:54.320> harming 00:10:54.710 --> 00:10:54.720 align:start position:0% manipulative. How on earth am I harming 00:10:54.720 --> 00:10:57.509 align:start position:0% manipulative. How on earth am I harming him?<00:10:55.279> She<00:10:55.519> said,<00:10:56.079> I<00:10:56.320> had<00:10:56.480> to<00:10:56.640> pause<00:10:56.959> for<00:10:57.200> a<00:10:57.360> long 00:10:57.509 --> 00:10:57.519 align:start position:0% him? She said, I had to pause for a long 00:10:57.519 --> 00:10:59.670 align:start position:0% him? She said, I had to pause for a long time<00:10:57.839> after<00:10:58.079> I<00:10:58.320> read<00:10:58.480> that<00:10:58.959> when<00:10:59.200> I<00:10:59.360> was 00:10:59.670 --> 00:10:59.680 align:start position:0% time after I read that when I was 00:10:59.680 --> 00:11:01.670 align:start position:0% time after I read that when I was writing<00:11:00.160> this<00:11:00.480> video<00:11:00.880> because<00:11:01.120> I<00:11:01.360> wasn't<00:11:01.519> sure 00:11:01.670 --> 00:11:01.680 align:start position:0% writing this video because I wasn't sure 00:11:01.680 --> 00:11:04.069 align:start position:0% writing this video because I wasn't sure that<00:11:01.839> I<00:11:02.000> could<00:11:02.160> make<00:11:02.320> a<00:11:02.480> noneotional<00:11:03.519> argument 00:11:04.069 --> 00:11:04.079 align:start position:0% that I could make a noneotional argument 00:11:04.079 --> 00:11:06.949 align:start position:0% that I could make a noneotional argument as<00:11:04.320> to<00:11:04.560> the<00:11:04.720> harms<00:11:05.200> involved.<00:11:05.760> Bluntly,<00:11:06.560> I<00:11:06.800> did 00:11:06.949 --> 00:11:06.959 align:start position:0% as to the harms involved. Bluntly, I did 00:11:06.959 --> 00:11:09.030 align:start position:0% as to the harms involved. Bluntly, I did not<00:11:07.200> think<00:11:07.440> I<00:11:07.760> could<00:11:08.000> express<00:11:08.320> my<00:11:08.560> creeping 00:11:09.030 --> 00:11:09.040 align:start position:0% not think I could express my creeping 00:11:09.040 --> 00:11:12.150 align:start position:0% not think I could express my creeping horror<00:11:09.440> at<00:11:09.680> the<00:11:09.920> situation<00:11:10.480> in<00:11:10.720> a<00:11:10.880> way<00:11:11.680> that 00:11:12.150 --> 00:11:12.160 align:start position:0% horror at the situation in a way that 00:11:12.160 --> 00:11:13.829 align:start position:0% horror at the situation in a way that would<00:11:12.480> actually<00:11:12.880> be<00:11:13.040> helpful.<00:11:13.440> I<00:11:13.680> have 00:11:13.829 --> 00:11:13.839 align:start position:0% would actually be helpful. I have 00:11:13.839 --> 00:11:15.430 align:start position:0% would actually be helpful. I have therefore<00:11:14.160> decided<00:11:14.480> to<00:11:14.720> give<00:11:14.880> that<00:11:15.120> part<00:11:15.279> of 00:11:15.430 --> 00:11:15.440 align:start position:0% therefore decided to give that part of 00:11:15.440 --> 00:11:17.269 align:start position:0% therefore decided to give that part of the<00:11:15.600> argument<00:11:15.920> a<00:11:16.160> swerve.<00:11:16.640> You<00:11:16.800> can<00:11:16.959> feel<00:11:17.120> free 00:11:17.269 --> 00:11:17.279 align:start position:0% the argument a swerve. You can feel free 00:11:17.279 --> 00:11:18.870 align:start position:0% the argument a swerve. You can feel free to<00:11:17.440> make<00:11:17.680> one<00:11:17.839> in<00:11:18.000> the<00:11:18.160> comments<00:11:18.399> if<00:11:18.640> you<00:11:18.720> would 00:11:18.870 --> 00:11:18.880 align:start position:0% to make one in the comments if you would 00:11:18.880 --> 00:11:21.430 align:start position:0% to make one in the comments if you would like<00:11:18.959> to.<00:11:19.519> I<00:11:19.839> will<00:11:20.000> merely<00:11:20.399> state<00:11:20.720> that<00:11:21.120> truth 00:11:21.430 --> 00:11:21.440 align:start position:0% like to. I will merely state that truth 00:11:21.440 --> 00:11:24.310 align:start position:0% like to. I will merely state that truth is<00:11:21.760> good<00:11:22.000> and<00:11:22.320> falsehood<00:11:22.959> is<00:11:23.200> not<00:11:23.519> good<00:11:24.160> even 00:11:24.310 --> 00:11:24.320 align:start position:0% is good and falsehood is not good even 00:11:24.320 --> 00:11:26.710 align:start position:0% is good and falsehood is not good even if<00:11:24.480> that<00:11:24.720> falsehood<00:11:25.279> is<00:11:25.600> unconsciously<00:11:26.399> done. 00:11:26.710 --> 00:11:26.720 align:start position:0% if that falsehood is unconsciously done. 00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:28.230 align:start position:0% if that falsehood is unconsciously done. Luckily,<00:11:27.120> I<00:11:27.279> do<00:11:27.519> not<00:11:27.600> have<00:11:27.760> to<00:11:27.839> make<00:11:28.000> the 00:11:28.230 --> 00:11:28.240 align:start position:0% Luckily, I do not have to make the 00:11:28.240 --> 00:11:30.230 align:start position:0% Luckily, I do not have to make the argument<00:11:28.560> for<00:11:28.800> the<00:11:28.959> objective<00:11:29.440> harms<00:11:29.920> of 00:11:30.230 --> 00:11:30.240 align:start position:0% argument for the objective harms of 00:11:30.240 --> 00:11:32.389 align:start position:0% argument for the objective harms of facilitated<00:11:30.959> communication<00:11:31.680> or<00:11:32.000> rapid 00:11:32.389 --> 00:11:32.399 align:start position:0% facilitated communication or rapid 00:11:32.399 --> 00:11:34.710 align:start position:0% facilitated communication or rapid prompting<00:11:32.880> or<00:11:33.200> spelling<00:11:33.519> to<00:11:33.760> communicate 00:11:34.710 --> 00:11:34.720 align:start position:0% prompting or spelling to communicate 00:11:34.720 --> 00:11:37.190 align:start position:0% prompting or spelling to communicate because<00:11:36.000> several<00:11:36.480> other<00:11:36.640> people<00:11:36.880> have<00:11:37.040> done 00:11:37.190 --> 00:11:37.200 align:start position:0% because several other people have done 00:11:37.200 --> 00:11:38.710 align:start position:0% because several other people have done it<00:11:37.360> before<00:11:37.600> me.<00:11:37.920> Before<00:11:38.160> I<00:11:38.320> read<00:11:38.480> you<00:11:38.560> the 00:11:38.710 --> 00:11:38.720 align:start position:0% it before me. Before I read you the 00:11:38.720 --> 00:11:39.990 align:start position:0% it before me. Before I read you the quote<00:11:38.880> though,<00:11:39.120> here<00:11:39.279> we<00:11:39.440> must<00:11:39.600> note<00:11:39.839> again 00:11:39.990 --> 00:11:40.000 align:start position:0% quote though, here we must note again 00:11:40.000 --> 00:11:41.430 align:start position:0% quote though, here we must note again that<00:11:40.240> spelling<00:11:40.560> to<00:11:40.800> communicate<00:11:41.120> and<00:11:41.360> the 00:11:41.430 --> 00:11:41.440 align:start position:0% that spelling to communicate and the 00:11:41.440 --> 00:11:42.870 align:start position:0% that spelling to communicate and the rapid<00:11:41.760> prompting<00:11:42.160> method<00:11:42.480> are<00:11:42.640> both 00:11:42.870 --> 00:11:42.880 align:start position:0% rapid prompting method are both 00:11:42.880 --> 00:11:45.030 align:start position:0% rapid prompting method are both considered<00:11:43.279> to<00:11:43.519> be<00:11:44.160> basically<00:11:44.640> just 00:11:45.030 --> 00:11:45.040 align:start position:0% considered to be basically just 00:11:45.040 --> 00:11:46.870 align:start position:0% considered to be basically just reskinned<00:11:45.600> versions<00:11:46.000> of<00:11:46.160> facilitated 00:11:46.870 --> 00:11:46.880 align:start position:0% reskinned versions of facilitated 00:11:46.880 --> 00:11:49.030 align:start position:0% reskinned versions of facilitated communication.<00:11:47.839> And<00:11:48.160> having<00:11:48.480> watched<00:11:48.800> the 00:11:49.030 --> 00:11:49.040 align:start position:0% communication. And having watched the 00:11:49.040 --> 00:11:52.310 align:start position:0% communication. And having watched the clips<00:11:49.760> of<00:11:50.240> Woody<00:11:50.640> and<00:11:50.880> his<00:11:51.040> mother<00:11:51.440> engaging 00:11:52.310 --> 00:11:52.320 align:start position:0% clips of Woody and his mother engaging 00:11:52.320 --> 00:11:54.550 align:start position:0% clips of Woody and his mother engaging in<00:11:52.560> the<00:11:52.720> rapid<00:11:53.040> prompting<00:11:53.440> method,<00:11:54.240> I<00:11:54.399> hope 00:11:54.550 --> 00:11:54.560 align:start position:0% in the rapid prompting method, I hope 00:11:54.560 --> 00:11:56.389 align:start position:0% in the rapid prompting method, I hope you<00:11:54.720> can<00:11:54.880> understand<00:11:55.279> why.<00:11:55.680> Studies<00:11:56.079> dating 00:11:56.389 --> 00:11:56.399 align:start position:0% you can understand why. Studies dating 00:11:56.399 --> 00:11:58.389 align:start position:0% you can understand why. Studies dating back<00:11:56.560> to<00:11:56.800> the<00:11:56.959> 1990s<00:11:57.600> have<00:11:57.839> repeatedly 00:11:58.389 --> 00:11:58.399 align:start position:0% back to the 1990s have repeatedly 00:11:58.399 --> 00:11:59.750 align:start position:0% back to the 1990s have repeatedly demonstrated<00:11:58.880> that<00:11:59.120> the<00:11:59.279> products<00:11:59.600> of 00:11:59.750 --> 00:11:59.760 align:start position:0% demonstrated that the products of 00:11:59.760 --> 00:12:01.670 align:start position:0% demonstrated that the products of facilitated<00:12:00.480> communication<00:12:01.120> reflect<00:12:01.440> the 00:12:01.670 --> 00:12:01.680 align:start position:0% facilitated communication reflect the 00:12:01.680 --> 00:12:03.590 align:start position:0% facilitated communication reflect the often<00:12:02.079> non-concious<00:12:02.880> control<00:12:03.200> of<00:12:03.360> the 00:12:03.590 --> 00:12:03.600 align:start position:0% often non-concious control of the 00:12:03.600 --> 00:12:05.590 align:start position:0% often non-concious control of the facilitator<00:12:04.399> and<00:12:04.640> do<00:12:04.880> not<00:12:05.040> represent 00:12:05.590 --> 00:12:05.600 align:start position:0% facilitator and do not represent 00:12:05.600 --> 00:12:07.590 align:start position:0% facilitator and do not represent authentic<00:12:06.160> communication<00:12:06.720> by<00:12:06.959> the<00:12:07.120> disabled 00:12:07.590 --> 00:12:07.600 align:start position:0% authentic communication by the disabled 00:12:07.600 --> 00:12:09.509 align:start position:0% authentic communication by the disabled person.<00:12:08.000> Since<00:12:08.240> the<00:12:08.480> entire<00:12:08.880> point<00:12:09.040> of<00:12:09.200> these 00:12:09.509 --> 00:12:09.519 align:start position:0% person. Since the entire point of these 00:12:09.519 --> 00:12:11.670 align:start position:0% person. Since the entire point of these methods<00:12:09.839> is<00:12:10.160> to<00:12:10.480> hear<00:12:10.800> the<00:12:11.040> voice<00:12:11.279> of<00:12:11.519> the 00:12:11.670 --> 00:12:11.680 align:start position:0% methods is to hear the voice of the 00:12:11.680 --> 00:12:13.509 align:start position:0% methods is to hear the voice of the disabled<00:12:12.160> person,<00:12:12.560> to<00:12:12.720> allow<00:12:13.040> them<00:12:13.279> to 00:12:13.509 --> 00:12:13.519 align:start position:0% disabled person, to allow them to 00:12:13.519 --> 00:12:15.190 align:start position:0% disabled person, to allow them to communicate<00:12:14.240> their<00:12:14.480> thoughts<00:12:14.800> and<00:12:14.959> feelings 00:12:15.190 --> 00:12:15.200 align:start position:0% communicate their thoughts and feelings 00:12:15.200 --> 00:12:17.190 align:start position:0% communicate their thoughts and feelings and<00:12:15.360> wants<00:12:15.600> and<00:12:15.760> needs<00:12:16.000> and<00:12:16.160> desires,<00:12:16.880> that 00:12:17.190 --> 00:12:17.200 align:start position:0% and wants and needs and desires, that 00:12:17.200 --> 00:12:19.030 align:start position:0% and wants and needs and desires, that should<00:12:17.360> be<00:12:17.519> sufficient.<00:12:18.320> But<00:12:18.480> there's<00:12:18.720> more. 00:12:19.030 --> 00:12:19.040 align:start position:0% should be sufficient. But there's more. 00:12:19.040 --> 00:12:21.509 align:start position:0% should be sufficient. But there's more. At<00:12:19.200> times,<00:12:19.680> false<00:12:20.079> statements<00:12:20.639> generated<00:12:21.200> by 00:12:21.509 --> 00:12:21.519 align:start position:0% At times, false statements generated by 00:12:21.519 --> 00:12:23.750 align:start position:0% At times, false statements generated by facilitated<00:12:22.240> communication<00:12:22.880> practitioners 00:12:23.750 --> 00:12:23.760 align:start position:0% facilitated communication practitioners 00:12:23.760 --> 00:12:26.150 align:start position:0% facilitated communication practitioners have<00:12:24.000> resulted<00:12:24.399> in<00:12:24.639> devastating<00:12:25.279> outcomes, 00:12:26.150 --> 00:12:26.160 align:start position:0% have resulted in devastating outcomes, 00:12:26.160 --> 00:12:28.550 align:start position:0% have resulted in devastating outcomes, including<00:12:26.639> false<00:12:27.040> accusations<00:12:27.680> of<00:12:27.920> abuse 00:12:28.550 --> 00:12:28.560 align:start position:0% including false accusations of abuse 00:12:28.560 --> 00:12:30.470 align:start position:0% including false accusations of abuse against<00:12:29.040> parents<00:12:29.440> and<00:12:29.680> others.<00:12:30.079> Let<00:12:30.320> us 00:12:30.470 --> 00:12:30.480 align:start position:0% against parents and others. Let us 00:12:30.480 --> 00:12:32.389 align:start position:0% against parents and others. Let us create<00:12:30.800> for<00:12:30.959> ourselves<00:12:31.519> a<00:12:31.760> hypothetical 00:12:32.389 --> 00:12:32.399 align:start position:0% create for ourselves a hypothetical 00:12:32.399 --> 00:12:35.269 align:start position:0% create for ourselves a hypothetical situation<00:12:32.959> which<00:12:33.200> is<00:12:33.360> not<00:12:33.600> this<00:12:33.839> one<00:12:34.560> but<00:12:34.959> does 00:12:35.269 --> 00:12:35.279 align:start position:0% situation which is not this one but does 00:12:35.279 --> 00:12:37.110 align:start position:0% situation which is not this one but does involve<00:12:35.680> a<00:12:35.920> mother<00:12:36.160> and<00:12:36.399> her<00:12:36.560> son<00:12:36.720> who<00:12:36.959> are 00:12:37.110 --> 00:12:37.120 align:start position:0% involve a mother and her son who are 00:12:37.120 --> 00:12:40.069 align:start position:0% involve a mother and her son who are using<00:12:37.360> facilitated<00:12:38.079> communication<00:12:38.959> or<00:12:39.680> rapid 00:12:40.069 --> 00:12:40.079 align:start position:0% using facilitated communication or rapid 00:12:40.079 --> 00:12:42.069 align:start position:0% using facilitated communication or rapid prompting<00:12:40.560> or<00:12:40.880> spelling<00:12:41.279> to<00:12:41.440> communicate<00:12:41.839> or 00:12:42.069 --> 00:12:42.079 align:start position:0% prompting or spelling to communicate or 00:12:42.079 --> 00:12:43.590 align:start position:0% prompting or spelling to communicate or one<00:12:42.160> of<00:12:42.240> these<00:12:42.480> similar<00:12:42.800> methods.<00:12:43.279> We<00:12:43.440> will 00:12:43.590 --> 00:12:43.600 align:start position:0% one of these similar methods. We will 00:12:43.600 --> 00:12:44.949 align:start position:0% one of these similar methods. We will stipulate<00:12:44.000> for<00:12:44.160> the<00:12:44.320> purposes<00:12:44.639> of<00:12:44.720> this 00:12:44.949 --> 00:12:44.959 align:start position:0% stipulate for the purposes of this 00:12:44.959 --> 00:12:46.470 align:start position:0% stipulate for the purposes of this hypothetical<00:12:45.519> that<00:12:45.760> the<00:12:46.000> mother<00:12:46.160> in<00:12:46.320> the 00:12:46.470 --> 00:12:46.480 align:start position:0% hypothetical that the mother in the 00:12:46.480 --> 00:12:49.030 align:start position:0% hypothetical that the mother in the situation<00:12:47.279> truly<00:12:47.839> deeply<00:12:48.240> believes<00:12:48.560> that<00:12:48.800> her 00:12:49.030 --> 00:12:49.040 align:start position:0% situation truly deeply believes that her 00:12:49.040 --> 00:12:51.430 align:start position:0% situation truly deeply believes that her son<00:12:49.279> is<00:12:49.600> communicating<00:12:50.560> via<00:12:50.880> tapping<00:12:51.200> on<00:12:51.360> the 00:12:51.430 --> 00:12:51.440 align:start position:0% son is communicating via tapping on the 00:12:51.440 --> 00:12:53.509 align:start position:0% son is communicating via tapping on the keyboard.<00:12:51.839> In<00:12:52.079> this<00:12:52.240> hypothetical,<00:12:53.040> if<00:12:53.279> both 00:12:53.509 --> 00:12:53.519 align:start position:0% keyboard. In this hypothetical, if both 00:12:53.519 --> 00:12:56.870 align:start position:0% keyboard. In this hypothetical, if both parents<00:12:54.000> are<00:12:54.240> caring<00:12:54.639> for<00:12:55.040> the<00:12:55.360> child<00:12:56.320> and<00:12:56.639> a 00:12:56.870 --> 00:12:56.880 align:start position:0% parents are caring for the child and a 00:12:56.880 --> 00:12:59.990 align:start position:0% parents are caring for the child and a disagreement<00:12:57.519> arises<00:12:58.480> about<00:12:59.040> some<00:12:59.440> aspect<00:12:59.839> of 00:12:59.990 --> 00:13:00.000 align:start position:0% disagreement arises about some aspect of 00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:02.870 align:start position:0% disagreement arises about some aspect of his<00:13:00.240> care,<00:13:01.279> do<00:13:01.519> you<00:13:01.680> think<00:13:02.000> they<00:13:02.320> will<00:13:02.560> use 00:13:02.870 --> 00:13:02.880 align:start position:0% his care, do you think they will use 00:13:02.880 --> 00:13:05.030 align:start position:0% his care, do you think they will use that<00:13:03.120> method<00:13:03.519> to<00:13:03.760> ask<00:13:04.000> the<00:13:04.320> child<00:13:04.560> what<00:13:04.800> he 00:13:05.030 --> 00:13:05.040 align:start position:0% that method to ask the child what he 00:13:05.040 --> 00:13:07.269 align:start position:0% that method to ask the child what he thinks?<00:13:05.519> Do<00:13:05.760> you<00:13:05.920> think<00:13:06.399> that<00:13:06.639> the<00:13:06.880> child's 00:13:07.269 --> 00:13:07.279 align:start position:0% thinks? Do you think that the child's 00:13:07.279 --> 00:13:09.269 align:start position:0% thinks? Do you think that the child's wishes<00:13:07.680> will<00:13:07.920> reflect<00:13:08.240> those<00:13:08.560> of<00:13:08.639> the<00:13:08.880> mother 00:13:09.269 --> 00:13:09.279 align:start position:0% wishes will reflect those of the mother 00:13:09.279 --> 00:13:12.150 align:start position:0% wishes will reflect those of the mother or<00:13:09.600> those<00:13:09.839> of<00:13:10.000> the<00:13:10.160> father?<00:13:10.959> Or<00:13:11.279> a<00:13:11.519> third<00:13:11.839> and 00:13:12.150 --> 00:13:12.160 align:start position:0% or those of the father? Or a third and 00:13:12.160 --> 00:13:13.670 align:start position:0% or those of the father? Or a third and different<00:13:12.560> option,<00:13:12.959> would<00:13:13.200> the<00:13:13.360> wishes 00:13:13.670 --> 00:13:13.680 align:start position:0% different option, would the wishes 00:13:13.680 --> 00:13:16.069 align:start position:0% different option, would the wishes expressed<00:13:14.399> really<00:13:14.800> be<00:13:15.040> the<00:13:15.279> child's<00:13:15.680> wishes 00:13:16.069 --> 00:13:16.079 align:start position:0% expressed really be the child's wishes 00:13:16.079 --> 00:13:18.389 align:start position:0% expressed really be the child's wishes at<00:13:16.320> all?<00:13:16.639> What<00:13:16.800> if<00:13:16.880> the<00:13:17.120> facilitator<00:13:17.839> parent 00:13:18.389 --> 00:13:18.399 align:start position:0% at all? What if the facilitator parent 00:13:18.399 --> 00:13:20.389 align:start position:0% at all? What if the facilitator parent develops<00:13:18.800> a<00:13:19.040> dislike<00:13:19.440> of<00:13:19.600> one<00:13:19.839> of<00:13:19.920> the<00:13:20.079> child's 00:13:20.389 --> 00:13:20.399 align:start position:0% develops a dislike of one of the child's 00:13:20.399 --> 00:13:22.310 align:start position:0% develops a dislike of one of the child's other<00:13:20.639> carers?<00:13:21.200> What<00:13:21.440> if<00:13:21.760> via<00:13:22.160> the 00:13:22.310 --> 00:13:22.320 align:start position:0% other carers? What if via the 00:13:22.320 --> 00:13:25.670 align:start position:0% other carers? What if via the letterboard<00:13:22.959> the<00:13:23.279> child<00:13:23.600> accuses<00:13:24.240> that<00:13:24.560> carer 00:13:25.670 --> 00:13:25.680 align:start position:0% letterboard the child accuses that carer 00:13:25.680 --> 00:13:28.069 align:start position:0% letterboard the child accuses that carer of<00:13:25.920> abuse?<00:13:26.480> I<00:13:26.720> don't<00:13:27.040> necessarily<00:13:27.680> think<00:13:27.839> that 00:13:28.069 --> 00:13:28.079 align:start position:0% of abuse? I don't necessarily think that 00:13:28.079 --> 00:13:29.829 align:start position:0% of abuse? I don't necessarily think that Woody<00:13:28.399> Brown<00:13:28.720> is<00:13:28.880> taking<00:13:29.120> any<00:13:29.440> direct 00:13:29.829 --> 00:13:29.839 align:start position:0% Woody Brown is taking any direct 00:13:29.839 --> 00:13:31.829 align:start position:0% Woody Brown is taking any direct physical<00:13:30.240> harm<00:13:30.560> from<00:13:30.880> his<00:13:31.040> mother<00:13:31.279> using<00:13:31.600> this 00:13:31.829 --> 00:13:31.839 align:start position:0% physical harm from his mother using this 00:13:31.839 --> 00:13:34.230 align:start position:0% physical harm from his mother using this method.<00:13:32.560> But<00:13:32.880> if<00:13:33.200> the<00:13:33.440> point<00:13:33.600> of<00:13:33.760> the<00:13:34.000> method 00:13:34.230 --> 00:13:34.240 align:start position:0% method. But if the point of the method 00:13:34.240 --> 00:13:36.069 align:start position:0% method. But if the point of the method is<00:13:34.399> to<00:13:34.560> allow<00:13:34.800> him<00:13:35.040> to<00:13:35.279> communicate<00:13:35.680> with<00:13:35.920> the 00:13:36.069 --> 00:13:36.079 align:start position:0% is to allow him to communicate with the 00:13:36.079 --> 00:13:39.030 align:start position:0% is to allow him to communicate with the world,<00:13:36.959> I<00:13:37.680> do<00:13:37.920> not<00:13:38.160> believe<00:13:38.399> that<00:13:38.639> that's 00:13:39.030 --> 00:13:39.040 align:start position:0% world, I do not believe that that's 00:13:39.040 --> 00:13:40.870 align:start position:0% world, I do not believe that that's actually<00:13:39.360> what<00:13:39.680> is<00:13:39.839> happening.<00:13:40.320> If<00:13:40.480> he<00:13:40.639> has 00:13:40.870 --> 00:13:40.880 align:start position:0% actually what is happening. If he has 00:13:40.880 --> 00:13:42.550 align:start position:0% actually what is happening. If he has thoughts<00:13:41.200> which<00:13:41.440> he<00:13:41.680> could<00:13:41.920> or<00:13:42.240> would 00:13:42.550 --> 00:13:42.560 align:start position:0% thoughts which he could or would 00:13:42.560 --> 00:13:45.110 align:start position:0% thoughts which he could or would communicate<00:13:43.279> given<00:13:43.680> an<00:13:44.000> actual<00:13:44.480> method<00:13:44.800> of 00:13:45.110 --> 00:13:45.120 align:start position:0% communicate given an actual method of 00:13:45.120 --> 00:13:47.430 align:start position:0% communicate given an actual method of augmentative<00:13:45.680> or<00:13:45.839> assistive<00:13:46.320> communication 00:13:47.430 --> 00:13:47.440 align:start position:0% augmentative or assistive communication 00:13:47.440 --> 00:13:50.629 align:start position:0% augmentative or assistive communication that<00:13:47.760> actually<00:13:48.800> works,<00:13:49.600> you<00:13:49.839> are<00:13:50.079> robbing<00:13:50.480> him 00:13:50.629 --> 00:13:50.639 align:start position:0% that actually works, you are robbing him 00:13:50.639 --> 00:13:52.550 align:start position:0% that actually works, you are robbing him of<00:13:50.880> that<00:13:51.120> chance.<00:13:51.519> And<00:13:51.760> given<00:13:52.079> that<00:13:52.320> what 00:13:52.550 --> 00:13:52.560 align:start position:0% of that chance. And given that what 00:13:52.560 --> 00:13:54.389 align:start position:0% of that chance. And given that what seems<00:13:52.800> to<00:13:52.959> happen<00:13:53.200> is<00:13:53.360> that<00:13:53.600> he<00:13:53.760> taps<00:13:54.079> on<00:13:54.240> the 00:13:54.389 --> 00:13:54.399 align:start position:0% seems to happen is that he taps on the 00:13:54.399 --> 00:13:56.470 align:start position:0% seems to happen is that he taps on the letterboard<00:13:55.120> pretty<00:13:55.440> much<00:13:55.600> at<00:13:55.839> random<00:13:56.160> while 00:13:56.470 --> 00:13:56.480 align:start position:0% letterboard pretty much at random while 00:13:56.480 --> 00:13:59.750 align:start position:0% letterboard pretty much at random while not<00:13:56.639> really<00:13:56.880> looking<00:13:57.120> at<00:13:57.279> it<00:13:57.839> and<00:13:58.639> you<00:13:59.279> tell<00:13:59.519> us 00:13:59.750 --> 00:13:59.760 align:start position:0% not really looking at it and you tell us 00:13:59.760 --> 00:14:01.590 align:start position:0% not really looking at it and you tell us what<00:14:00.000> you<00:14:00.240> think<00:14:00.399> that<00:14:00.560> he's<00:14:00.880> saying,<00:14:01.279> it 00:14:01.590 --> 00:14:01.600 align:start position:0% what you think that he's saying, it 00:14:01.600 --> 00:14:03.829 align:start position:0% what you think that he's saying, it feels<00:14:01.920> more<00:14:02.240> like 00:14:03.829 --> 00:14:03.839 align:start position:0% feels more like 00:14:03.839 --> 00:14:05.509 align:start position:0% feels more like you<00:14:04.079> are<00:14:04.240> just<00:14:04.480> talking<00:14:04.800> to<00:14:05.040> your<00:14:05.279> own 00:14:05.509 --> 00:14:05.519 align:start position:0% you are just talking to your own 00:14:05.519 --> 00:14:08.550 align:start position:0% you are just talking to your own unconscious<00:14:06.240> echo<00:14:07.440> rather<00:14:07.760> than<00:14:08.079> telling<00:14:08.320> us 00:14:08.550 --> 00:14:08.560 align:start position:0% unconscious echo rather than telling us 00:14:08.560 --> 00:14:10.870 align:start position:0% unconscious echo rather than telling us what<00:14:08.800> he<00:14:08.959> thinks.<00:14:09.519> And<00:14:09.839> I<00:14:10.160> believe<00:14:10.320> that<00:14:10.560> truth 00:14:10.870 --> 00:14:10.880 align:start position:0% what he thinks. And I believe that truth 00:14:10.880 --> 00:14:12.629 align:start position:0% what he thinks. And I believe that truth is<00:14:11.040> preferable<00:14:11.519> to<00:14:11.680> untruth,<00:14:12.320> even<00:14:12.480> if 00:14:12.629 --> 00:14:12.639 align:start position:0% is preferable to untruth, even if 00:14:12.639 --> 00:14:14.629 align:start position:0% is preferable to untruth, even if untruth<00:14:13.199> gets<00:14:13.360> you<00:14:13.519> a<00:14:13.680> book<00:14:13.920> deal<00:14:14.240> and 00:14:14.629 --> 00:14:14.639 align:start position:0% untruth gets you a book deal and 00:14:14.639 --> 00:14:17.990 align:start position:0% untruth gets you a book deal and coverage<00:14:15.120> by<00:14:15.600> CBS<00:14:16.320> and<00:14:16.880> the<00:14:17.120> New<00:14:17.360> York<00:14:17.519> Times 00:14:17.990 --> 00:14:18.000 align:start position:0% coverage by CBS and the New York Times 00:14:18.000 --> 00:14:20.470 align:start position:0% coverage by CBS and the New York Times and<00:14:18.320> the<00:14:18.560> Guardian<00:14:19.040> and<00:14:19.279> the<00:14:19.440> Daily<00:14:19.760> Mail.<00:14:20.320> And 00:14:20.470 --> 00:14:20.480 align:start position:0% and the Guardian and the Daily Mail. And 00:14:20.480 --> 00:14:22.230 align:start position:0% and the Guardian and the Daily Mail. And this<00:14:20.639> is<00:14:20.800> why<00:14:20.880> I<00:14:21.120> feel<00:14:21.279> like<00:14:21.440> I'm<00:14:21.600> being<00:14:21.839> punked 00:14:22.230 --> 00:14:22.240 align:start position:0% this is why I feel like I'm being punked 00:14:22.240 --> 00:14:25.030 align:start position:0% this is why I feel like I'm being punked by<00:14:22.480> news<00:14:22.720> outlets<00:14:23.279> because<00:14:23.920> were<00:14:24.160> we<00:14:24.399> supposed 00:14:25.030 --> 00:14:25.040 align:start position:0% by news outlets because were we supposed 00:14:25.040 --> 00:14:27.750 align:start position:0% by news outlets because were we supposed not<00:14:25.279> to<00:14:25.519> notice<00:14:26.480> that<00:14:26.800> Woody<00:14:27.199> isn't<00:14:27.519> looking 00:14:27.750 --> 00:14:27.760 align:start position:0% not to notice that Woody isn't looking 00:14:27.760 --> 00:14:29.910 align:start position:0% not to notice that Woody isn't looking at<00:14:27.920> the<00:14:28.079> keyboard?<00:14:28.639> Were<00:14:28.959> we<00:14:29.199> supposed<00:14:29.519> not<00:14:29.760> to 00:14:29.910 --> 00:14:29.920 align:start position:0% at the keyboard? Were we supposed not to 00:14:29.920 --> 00:14:32.550 align:start position:0% at the keyboard? Were we supposed not to notice<00:14:30.240> that<00:14:30.480> he<00:14:30.720> taps<00:14:31.040> the<00:14:31.199> board<00:14:31.440> far<00:14:31.760> more 00:14:32.550 --> 00:14:32.560 align:start position:0% notice that he taps the board far more 00:14:32.560 --> 00:14:36.949 align:start position:0% notice that he taps the board far more than<00:14:33.040> his<00:14:33.360> mother<00:14:34.000> spells<00:14:34.480> words<00:14:35.279> and<00:14:36.160> not<00:14:36.720> in 00:14:36.949 --> 00:14:36.959 align:start position:0% than his mother spells words and not in 00:14:36.959 --> 00:14:39.110 align:start position:0% than his mother spells words and not in the<00:14:37.199> locations<00:14:37.839> where<00:14:38.160> the<00:14:38.399> letters<00:14:38.720> are<00:14:38.959> for 00:14:39.110 --> 00:14:39.120 align:start position:0% the locations where the letters are for 00:14:39.120 --> 00:14:40.790 align:start position:0% the locations where the letters are for the<00:14:39.360> words<00:14:39.600> which<00:14:39.839> are<00:14:40.000> supposedly<00:14:40.560> being 00:14:40.790 --> 00:14:40.800 align:start position:0% the words which are supposedly being 00:14:40.800 --> 00:14:42.710 align:start position:0% the words which are supposedly being spelled?<00:14:41.279> Are<00:14:41.440> we<00:14:41.680> supposed<00:14:42.000> not<00:14:42.160> to<00:14:42.399> notice 00:14:42.710 --> 00:14:42.720 align:start position:0% spelled? Are we supposed not to notice 00:14:42.720 --> 00:14:44.550 align:start position:0% spelled? Are we supposed not to notice that<00:14:42.880> he<00:14:43.120> would<00:14:43.279> have<00:14:43.440> continued<00:14:43.839> tapping<00:14:44.320> the 00:14:44.550 --> 00:14:44.560 align:start position:0% that he would have continued tapping the 00:14:44.560 --> 00:14:46.949 align:start position:0% that he would have continued tapping the board<00:14:45.279> even<00:14:45.600> after<00:14:46.079> the<00:14:46.320> sentence<00:14:46.720> was 00:14:46.949 --> 00:14:46.959 align:start position:0% board even after the sentence was 00:14:46.959 --> 00:14:48.629 align:start position:0% board even after the sentence was supposedly<00:14:47.440> finished<00:14:47.680> and<00:14:48.000> his<00:14:48.160> mother<00:14:48.399> was 00:14:48.629 --> 00:14:48.639 align:start position:0% supposedly finished and his mother was 00:14:48.639 --> 00:14:50.069 align:start position:0% supposedly finished and his mother was taking<00:14:48.880> it<00:14:49.040> away?<00:14:49.360> This<00:14:49.519> is<00:14:49.680> one<00:14:49.760> of<00:14:49.839> those 00:14:50.069 --> 00:14:50.079 align:start position:0% taking it away? This is one of those 00:14:50.079 --> 00:14:51.750 align:start position:0% taking it away? This is one of those circumstances<00:14:50.639> where<00:14:50.880> you<00:14:51.120> don't<00:14:51.279> want<00:14:51.440> to<00:14:51.600> be 00:14:51.750 --> 00:14:51.760 align:start position:0% circumstances where you don't want to be 00:14:51.760 --> 00:14:53.750 align:start position:0% circumstances where you don't want to be right.<00:14:52.240> I<00:14:52.480> would<00:14:52.639> love<00:14:52.720> to<00:14:52.880> be<00:14:53.040> wrong.<00:14:53.440> Being 00:14:53.750 --> 00:14:53.760 align:start position:0% right. I would love to be wrong. Being 00:14:53.760 --> 00:14:55.670 align:start position:0% right. I would love to be wrong. Being wrong<00:14:54.000> would<00:14:54.240> be<00:14:54.399> great<00:14:54.639> in<00:14:54.800> this<00:14:55.040> situation 00:14:55.670 --> 00:14:55.680 align:start position:0% wrong would be great in this situation 00:14:55.680 --> 00:14:57.590 align:start position:0% wrong would be great in this situation because<00:14:56.079> being<00:14:56.399> wrong<00:14:56.639> in<00:14:56.880> this<00:14:57.040> situation 00:14:57.590 --> 00:14:57.600 align:start position:0% because being wrong in this situation 00:14:57.600 --> 00:14:59.590 align:start position:0% because being wrong in this situation means<00:14:57.839> that<00:14:58.079> Woody<00:14:58.399> Brown<00:14:58.800> really<00:14:59.040> is<00:14:59.360> a 00:14:59.590 --> 00:14:59.600 align:start position:0% means that Woody Brown really is a 00:14:59.600 --> 00:15:02.310 align:start position:0% means that Woody Brown really is a brilliant<00:15:00.000> novelist<00:15:00.800> who<00:15:01.120> can<00:15:01.440> in<00:15:01.600> fact<00:15:01.920> type 00:15:02.310 --> 00:15:02.320 align:start position:0% brilliant novelist who can in fact type 00:15:02.320 --> 00:15:04.550 align:start position:0% brilliant novelist who can in fact type unassisted<00:15:03.040> on<00:15:03.279> a<00:15:03.440> keyboard<00:15:03.760> by<00:15:04.000> himself<00:15:04.320> with 00:15:04.550 --> 00:15:04.560 align:start position:0% unassisted on a keyboard by himself with 00:15:04.560 --> 00:15:06.310 align:start position:0% unassisted on a keyboard by himself with no<00:15:04.800> input<00:15:05.120> from<00:15:05.279> anyone<00:15:05.600> else.<00:15:05.920> And<00:15:06.079> the<00:15:06.240> fact 00:15:06.310 --> 00:15:06.320 align:start position:0% no input from anyone else. And the fact 00:15:06.320 --> 00:15:08.230 align:start position:0% no input from anyone else. And the fact that<00:15:06.480> he<00:15:06.639> only<00:15:06.959> communicates<00:15:07.440> via<00:15:07.760> his<00:15:08.000> mother 00:15:08.230 --> 00:15:08.240 align:start position:0% that he only communicates via his mother 00:15:08.240 --> 00:15:11.030 align:start position:0% that he only communicates via his mother and<00:15:08.399> a<00:15:08.639> letterboard<00:15:09.279> where<00:15:09.760> the<00:15:10.079> words<00:15:10.560> spoken 00:15:11.030 --> 00:15:11.040 align:start position:0% and a letterboard where the words spoken 00:15:11.040 --> 00:15:13.350 align:start position:0% and a letterboard where the words spoken bear<00:15:11.360> no<00:15:11.680> resemblance<00:15:12.320> or<00:15:12.720> little<00:15:12.959> to<00:15:13.199> no 00:15:13.350 --> 00:15:13.360 align:start position:0% bear no resemblance or little to no 00:15:13.360 --> 00:15:16.150 align:start position:0% bear no resemblance or little to no resemblance<00:15:14.240> to<00:15:14.639> the<00:15:14.959> things<00:15:15.440> actually<00:15:15.839> being 00:15:16.150 --> 00:15:16.160 align:start position:0% resemblance to the things actually being 00:15:16.160 --> 00:15:18.710 align:start position:0% resemblance to the things actually being pointed<00:15:16.480> at<00:15:17.040> is<00:15:17.279> just<00:15:17.839> because<00:15:18.160> I<00:15:18.480> don't 00:15:18.710 --> 00:15:18.720 align:start position:0% pointed at is just because I don't 00:15:18.720 --> 00:15:21.030 align:start position:0% pointed at is just because I don't understand<00:15:19.519> how<00:15:19.839> it<00:15:20.000> works.<00:15:20.480> But<00:15:20.720> on<00:15:20.880> the 00:15:21.030 --> 00:15:21.040 align:start position:0% understand how it works. But on the 00:15:21.040 --> 00:15:22.790 align:start position:0% understand how it works. But on the balance<00:15:21.279> of<00:15:21.519> probabilities,<00:15:22.160> I<00:15:22.320> do<00:15:22.480> not<00:15:22.639> think 00:15:22.790 --> 00:15:22.800 align:start position:0% balance of probabilities, I do not think 00:15:22.800 --> 00:15:24.870 align:start position:0% balance of probabilities, I do not think that<00:15:23.040> is<00:15:23.199> the<00:15:23.360> most<00:15:23.519> likely<00:15:23.920> explanation<00:15:24.560> for 00:15:24.870 --> 00:15:24.880 align:start position:0% that is the most likely explanation for 00:15:24.880 --> 00:15:26.710 align:start position:0% that is the most likely explanation for the<00:15:25.040> facts<00:15:25.279> in<00:15:25.519> front<00:15:25.680> of<00:15:25.760> us.<00:15:26.160> I<00:15:26.399> could<00:15:26.560> be 00:15:26.710 --> 00:15:26.720 align:start position:0% the facts in front of us. I could be 00:15:26.720 --> 00:15:29.590 align:start position:0% the facts in front of us. I could be wrong,<00:15:27.600> but<00:15:28.160> I<00:15:28.399> don't<00:15:28.560> think<00:15:28.720> I<00:15:28.959> am.<00:15:29.279> And<00:15:29.440> I'm 00:15:29.590 --> 00:15:29.600 align:start position:0% wrong, but I don't think I am. And I'm 00:15:29.600 --> 00:15:31.350 align:start position:0% wrong, but I don't think I am. And I'm amazed<00:15:30.000> and<00:15:30.240> confused<00:15:30.560> and<00:15:30.800> concerned<00:15:31.120> that 00:15:31.350 --> 00:15:31.360 align:start position:0% amazed and confused and concerned that 00:15:31.360 --> 00:15:33.509 align:start position:0% amazed and confused and concerned that none<00:15:31.600> of<00:15:31.760> these<00:15:32.079> journalistic<00:15:32.720> outlets<00:15:33.279> seem 00:15:33.509 --> 00:15:33.519 align:start position:0% none of these journalistic outlets seem 00:15:33.519 --> 00:15:35.430 align:start position:0% none of these journalistic outlets seem to<00:15:33.600> be<00:15:33.760> as<00:15:33.920> skeptical<00:15:34.399> as<00:15:34.560> I<00:15:34.800> am.<00:15:35.279> And 00:15:35.430 --> 00:15:35.440 align:start position:0% to be as skeptical as I am. And 00:15:35.440 --> 00:15:37.350 align:start position:0% to be as skeptical as I am. And apparently<00:15:36.240> neither<00:15:36.639> is<00:15:36.880> traditional 00:15:37.350 --> 00:15:37.360 align:start position:0% apparently neither is traditional 00:15:37.360 --> 00:15:39.350 align:start position:0% apparently neither is traditional publishing,<00:15:38.079> though,<00:15:38.880> all<00:15:39.120> things 00:15:39.350 --> 00:15:39.360 align:start position:0% publishing, though, all things 00:15:39.360 --> 00:15:41.670 align:start position:0% publishing, though, all things considered,<00:15:39.920> I<00:15:40.160> suppose<00:15:40.720> I<00:15:40.959> shouldn't<00:15:41.279> be<00:15:41.440> so 00:15:41.670 --> 00:15:41.680 align:start position:0% considered, I suppose I shouldn't be so 00:15:41.680 --> 00:15:43.990 align:start position:0% considered, I suppose I shouldn't be so surprised<00:15:42.560> about<00:15:42.880> the<00:15:43.040> latter.<00:15:43.680> I<00:15:43.920> don't 00:15:43.990 --> 00:15:44.000 align:start position:0% surprised about the latter. I don't 00:15:44.000 --> 00:15:45.829 align:start position:0% surprised about the latter. I don't really<00:15:44.240> know<00:15:44.320> how<00:15:44.480> to<00:15:44.639> end<00:15:44.880> this<00:15:45.040> video.<00:15:45.519> This 00:15:45.829 --> 00:15:45.839 align:start position:0% really know how to end this video. This 00:15:45.839 --> 00:15:47.590 align:start position:0% really know how to end this video. This is<00:15:46.000> not<00:15:46.240> even<00:15:46.560> slightly<00:15:46.959> like<00:15:47.199> what<00:15:47.440> we 00:15:47.590 --> 00:15:47.600 align:start position:0% is not even slightly like what we 00:15:47.600 --> 00:15:50.150 align:start position:0% is not even slightly like what we normally<00:15:48.000> do<00:15:48.160> on<00:15:48.399> this<00:15:48.639> channel,<00:15:49.360> but<00:15:49.920> if 00:15:50.150 --> 00:15:50.160 align:start position:0% normally do on this channel, but if 00:15:50.160 --> 00:15:52.150 align:start position:0% normally do on this channel, but if you've<00:15:50.320> got<00:15:50.480> this<00:15:50.720> far,<00:15:51.680> thank<00:15:51.839> you<00:15:52.000> for 00:15:52.150 --> 00:15:52.160 align:start position:0% you've got this far, thank you for 00:15:52.160 --> 00:15:54.320 align:start position:0% you've got this far, thank you for watching.